基于合同匹配理论的流域水市场机制设计

Externality and property of public goods which exist in the process of expoitation and transaction of water resource restrict the development of water market in watershed. The shadow price of water resource in watershed shows some spatial pattern. The externality that is induced by trade which transact identify amount with partners at different location of watershed is not equal in amount.The trade of water in water market of river basin is multi-margin decision-making.By use of theory of matching with contracts and behavioral decision-making, the mechanism design of water market in watershed is studied, and some results of theory of matching with contracts is validated and consummated in this project.Concretely, (1)The spatial pattern of shadow price of water resource in water basin is described; (2)The trader's utility function of externality is proposed based on behavioral experiments; Then, (3)The utility function of trade in water market of watershed is gained; (4)The basic characters of water market in watershed is analyzed as follows: (a)divisidible goods, (b)many-to-many matching, (c)the role in water trade interchange，(d)transfer payoff and (e) externality by traders' water exchange depending on their spatial location, mathematical model of water market of river basin based on theory of matching with contracts is put forward; (5)stability, capacity for anti-manipulate and social efficiency of water market in watershed are guaranteed with design of contract language and algorithm; (6)The mechanism of water market in watershed is experimentally verfied with design of index of assessment and market simulation experiment.

流域水资源利用和交易中的外部性与公共物品性制约着流域水市场的发展。流域水资源的点影子价格呈现为一定的空间格局，交易者与不同位置的交易对象的交易引致的外部性不同，流域水市场的水资源交易为多边际决策。本研究运用合同匹配理论和行为决策理论设计流域水市场交易机制，并对合同匹配理论的研究结论加以检验和改进。包括：(1)揭示流域水资源的影子价格空间格局；(2)通过行为实验研究交易者关于外部性的效用函数；(3)在(1)、(2)的基础上获得流域水市场交易者的效用函数；(4)分析流域水市场的基本特征：(a)连续物品、(b)多对多、(c)交易角色互换、(d)具有转移支付和(e)交易位置依赖，构建流域水市场的合同匹配的数理模型；(5)通过合同语言的设计和匹配算法的设计以保证流域水市场在理论上的稳定性、抗操纵性和社会效益优化；(6)在设计评价指标和模拟流域水市场的基础上对流域水市场机制加以实验检验。

流域水资源的点影子价格呈现为一定的空间格局，交易者与不同位置的交易对象交易隐性成本（收益）和外部性不同。流域水市场的交易者的水资源交易为多边际决策。因此，本研究运用合同匹配理论 和行为决策理论设计流域水市场 。包括：(1)研究流域水资源的点影子价格空间格局；(2)通过行为实验和或然价值法研究交易者对外部性的效用函数；（3）在（1）（2）的基础上获得流域水市场交易者的效用函数；（4）分析流域水市场的情景获得流域水市场的基本特征：(a)连续物品，(b)多对多，(c)同一交易者兼为买方和卖方，进而构建流域水市场的合同匹配的数理模型；（5）通过合同语言的设计以保证流域水市场在理论上的稳定性、效率和抗操纵性 ；（6）在设计评价实际运行的指标和模拟流域水市场的基础上对市场机制加以检验。.我们总结流域水市场具有以下特点：水资源使用者的效用函数为凹性；流域水资源使用过程中，水资源点影子价格递增以及交易外部性随买卖双方的距离递增。借助递延接受算法的改进，我们为流域水市场匹配模型建立了合理有效的匹配机制。该机制有以下的价值：第一，流域水市场能够实现稳定匹配。在真实市场的操作中，这样的匹配机制可以充当一个中央交易匹配机构，对匹配双方进行自动撮合，节省了市场成员参与交易所需承担的经济成本，从而提高了流域水资源二次配置的效率。第二，匹配机制生成的匹配结果对市场总体来说是有效率的，实现了市场的均衡以及帕累托改进。第三，通过适当调整匹配机制的运行起点，可以得到一个生态价值最大化的稳定匹配。同时，该机制实际省成本的。在真实市场的操作中，这样的匹配机制可以充当一个中央交易匹配机构，对匹配双方进行自动撮合，节省了市场成员参与交易所需承担的经济成本。