基于生物高吸附性能的仿生吸盘优化设计与密封性研究

Suction cups are the most important implementation of vacuum adsorption equipment. Sealing performance degradation will increase the vacuum energy consumption and noise, reduce the adsorption capacity, and cause suction cup vacuum leak and other issues. It will also seriously affect the efficiency and reliability of adsorption operations. Therefore, improving the sealing performance of suction cups is the key technical problems for suction cups manufacturing industry to solve. This project broke the traditional idea that only focus on suction cups’ material and special structure to improve the sealing performance. Based on the high sealing characteristics of the typical creatures, the suction cups’ sealing performance and its adsorption capacity were improved through the bionic design of the suction cups’ surface. The research includes: the study on the relationship between the structure of octopus, leeches and other typical creatures sucker and their adsorption pattern; the analysis of biological sucker seal mechanism; the design of non-smooth structure of bionic suction cups according to the sucker working mode and structural characteristics; the research and development of bionic suction cups preparation process; the development of suction cup sealing performance tester and adsorption force tester; the sealing performance and adsorption force of the bionic suction cups were tested and analyzed by finite element analysis method; the effect of bionic morphology on the sealing and adsorption performance of suction cups was studied; the structure parameters of the bionic suction cups were optimized. This project reveals the sealing mechanism of the bionic suction cups and improves the adsorption capacity of it. This project also provides a new research method for the development of high adsorption performance suction cups and has wide application prospect as well as scientific value.

吸盘是真空吸附装备最重要的执行元件。吸盘密封性能下降会造成吸盘真空泄漏、吸附能力降低、真空器能耗与噪声增大等问题，严重影响吸附作业的效率和可靠性。因此提高吸盘密封性能，是吸盘工业亟待解决的关键技术难题。本项目突破以往提高吸盘吸附性能研究只注重吸盘材料、特殊结构的传统理念，基于典型生物具有的高吸附性能，通过对吸盘表面进行仿生设计，达到改善吸盘密封性能，提高吸盘吸附能力的目的。内容包括：研究章鱼、水蛭等典型生物吸盘的结构形态与其吸附方式间的关系，分析生物吸盘密封机理；根据吸盘工作方式与结构特点，设计仿生吸盘非光滑结构形态，研发仿生吸盘制备工艺；研制吸盘密封性能测试仪和吸附力测试仪，对仿生吸盘密封性和吸附力进行测试及有限元模拟分析，研究仿生形态对吸盘密封性能和吸附性能的影响规律，揭示仿生吸盘密封机理，优化仿生吸盘结构参数，为高吸附性能真空吸盘的开发提供新的研究途径，具有广泛的应用前景和科学价值。

吸盘是真空吸附装备最重要的执行元件。吸盘密封性能下降会造成吸盘真空泄漏、吸附能力降低、真空器能耗与噪声增大等问题，严重影响吸附作业的效率和可靠性。因此提高吸盘密封性能，是吸盘工业亟待解决的关键技术难题。本项目突破以往提高吸盘吸附性能研究只注重吸盘材料、特殊结构的传统理念，基于典型生物具有的高吸附性能，通过对吸盘表面进行仿生设计，达到改善吸盘密封性能，提高吸盘吸附能力的目的。项目对具有吸盘或类似吸盘结构的典型生物，如章鱼、鲍鱼、华吸鳅、水蛭等生物进行采集和养殖，共采集生物样本230只，研究了生物吸盘结构形态与其吸附方式间的关系，分析了生物吸盘密封机理；根据吸盘工作方式与结构特点，设计仿生吸盘68种（16种具有不同环形分布的章鱼仿生吸盘，16种具有不同凹槽、密封环耦合形态分布的鲍鱼仿生吸盘，1种具有微米级毛状体形态的华吸鳅仿生吸盘，22种具有条形分布的华吸鳅仿生吸盘以及13种具有凹坑形态分布的水蛭仿生吸盘）。研发了仿生吸盘制备工艺，研制了吸盘密封性能测试仪和吸附力测试仪，对仿生吸盘密封性能和吸附性能进行了测试及有限元模拟分析；研究了仿生吸盘形态参数对吸附性能和密封性能的影响规律，建立了仿生吸盘吸附力和密封时长与仿生吸盘非光滑形态、尺寸和分布等结构参数间的定量关系，优化出各种仿生吸盘的最优结构参数值。干燥环境下，仿生吸盘的吸附能力比原标准吸盘的吸附能力提高12.21-28.29%；湿润环境下，仿生吸盘的吸附能力比原标准吸盘的吸附能力提高23.23-25.71%；揭示了仿生吸盘密封机理，发现仿生形态提高了吸盘与基底表面间的接触压力，使吸盘与基底的贴合更为紧密；增大了吸盘与基底表面间的摩擦应力，减缓了拉力对吸盘吸附及密封的破坏；增大了吸盘工作表面与基底表面之间的接触面积，使吸盘自身能获得更大的吸附力。本项目为高吸附性能真空吸盘的开发提供了新的研究途径，具有广泛的应用前景和科学价值。