深部软岩大变形致灾机理及恒阻吸能控制对策研究

Because of structure and mechanical properties of deep softrock being changed, large deformation disasters of deep softrock have taken place frequently and the disasters have seriously endangered the security of the coal mine production. By numerical methods and hydrolytic weakening properties' experiment System of soft rock, hydrolytic weakening properties and swelling deformation mechanism deep softrock will be studied. By physical model test system of the State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, the structural large deformation mechanism of deep softrock will be analyzed. Deep softrock and constant resistance of mechanics model will be established and energy equation will be deduced. A quantitative analytical calculation method will be obtained. In the end, deep softrock large deformation disasters control countermeasures whose core should be constant resistance support and energy absorption technologies.

随着深度的增加，深部软岩工程的应力状态趋于复杂化，使得深部软岩的结构和力学特征均发生根本性变化，由此造成的深部软岩大变形灾害事故频发，严重危及生产安全。因此，本课题将利用数值计算系统和软岩水理作用实验系统，分析深部软岩吸水软化造成强度衰减和膨胀大变形机理；利用深部国家重点实验室自主研发的物理模型试验系统研究深部软岩力学特性和结构特性变化规律,揭示深部软岩大变形的结构效应机理。建立深部软岩与恒阻支护体相互作用力学模型，推导恒阻大变形支护与深部软岩相互作用的能量方程，得出围岩应力与支护阻力间关系的定量化分析计算方法，形成以恒阻吸能为核心，恒阻大变形锚杆支护为主体的深部软岩大变形灾害控制对策。

本课题通过对多个深部软岩矿井现场调研，分析得到了深部软岩巷道变形致灾的主要影响因素；利用软岩水理作用实验系统，分析了深部软岩吸水软化造成的强度衰减和膨胀大变形机理；同时，结合现场调研、室内试验以及数值模拟分析等方法，研究了深部软岩力学特性和结构特性变化规律,揭示深部软岩大变形的结构效应机理。基于第一性原理建立了海下软岩胀性黏土矿物与水分子吸附作用计算模型，研究了深部海下软岩中Na+离子对软岩水-岩相互作用的影响；建立了深部软岩与恒阻支护体相互作用力学模型，推导了恒阻大变形支护与深部软岩相互作用的能量方程，得出了围岩应力与支护阻力间关系的定量化分析计算方法，形成了以恒阻吸能为核心，恒阻大变形锚杆支护为主体的深部软岩大变形灾害控制对策。