基于光子晶体微腔与金刚石纳米晶体的全固态耦合体系研究

Solid state cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system is a fascinating aspect of quantum information technologies and nano-photonic research field. How to realize and modulate efficient coupling cavity QED system and to analyze prospects of its application is the basic problem to be resolved. This proposal deals with a novel Cavity QED system based on diamond nanocrystal and photonic crystal cavity coupling structure. Surface plasmon are introduced to realize hybrid architectures to optimize coupling efficiency. This kind of system has significant applications for the realization of quantum processors. Firstly, high quality photonic crystal microcavities and cavity-waveguide coupling structures operating in the visible range of the spectrum will be designed theoretically and studied numerically. A diamond nanocrystal will be put in the cavity and its calculation model is constructed. Then we will study nanodiamond - photonic crystal cavity coupling system and analyse the Cavity QED behavior. Secondly, Hybrid nanophotonic elements based on gold surface plasmonic nanostructure loaded to photonic crystal cavities are used to optimize the coupling efficience and control the cavity QED system. Then nano-manipulation method is used to achieve such high quality coupling system, And its application in the realization of efficient single photon source will be analysed experimentally. Meanwhile,high quality coupling system with cavity and waveguide will be analysed and coupled cavities system will be studied. At last, we will try to realize some integrated quantum optical elements such as Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. The results obtained in this work are expected to be applicable in the research of quantum manipulation and solid state quantum information processing.

全固态腔量子电动力学( QED)系统是近年来量子信息领域和纳米光子学领域的重点研究课题。如何实现高效耦合的腔QED系统并对其进行调控，进而分析其应用前景是此领域需要解决的基本问题。本项目首先利用理论分析和数值模拟的方法实现可见光波段的高品质光子晶体微腔结构；进而在高品质的光子晶体微腔中放入金刚石纳米晶体，构建计算模型数值研究其与微腔的高效耦合模式，分析其中的腔量子电动力学效应；进一步提出金属纳米结构和微腔的复合结构，研究表面等离激元对于腔QED系统的影响和调控。随后利用纳米操控方法实现此种高品质的耦合体系，实验分析其在单光子源研究中的应用。同时通过优化边界条件来完成微腔和波导的高效耦合结构；进而设计两个乃至多个相互耦合的高品质微腔结构，最终探索多光子干涉(例如Hong-Ou-Mandel Effekt)的集成元件。研究结果对于量子调控和全固态量子信息处理器件研究具有重要理论意义和应用价值。

表面等离激元是近年来国际上的一个热点研究领域，特别是金属纳米结构与量子辐射源的耦合结构近期更是引起了研究人员的极大兴趣，这种耦合系统显示出了许多有趣的现象并且存在很多潜在的应用价值，这些现象和应用都强依赖于单体辐射源与等离激元的耦合，因此很多研究组也把金属纳米结构与量子辐射源的耦合结构作为研究的重点。本项目实施过程中对单体辐射源与金属表面等离激元结构进行了系统的数值和实验研究，并且对基于NV-center的常温下单光子源以及高品质可见光波段的光子晶体微腔耦合结构进行了研究，取得研究进展和成果如下：（1）首次在实验上实现了单表面等离激元的激发、传输和收集，并且首次通过Crosscorrelation测量进行了直接实验验证。（2）提出了一种新型的机制，以室温下可见光波段的稳定单光子激励源激发量子点，借助中空芯光子晶体光纤提高了收集和转换效率，利用非相干变频转换实现了室温下近红外波段稳定的单光子源，促进了通讯波段光子器件的研究和应用。（3）得到了高效的波导与光子晶体的耦合结构，以及L3光子晶体微腔与分束波导的耦合结构，为进一步实现光子器件的集成化提供依据。（4）设计实现了一种利用二氧化钒薄膜和金属纳米超材料结构结合的光诱导宽传输通带太赫兹波有源器件，为太赫兹器件研究提供理论依据。