Deltaic depositional system is a key object in the research plan of the Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone, where the sedimentary record plays an important role to reflect the delta evolution and human activities in the river catchment. However, studies for deltaic formation processes and their controlled mechanisms are still unrevealed. In small mountainous river estuarine environments, the subaqueous deltaic depositional system is very sensitive to the environmental change and human activities within the river catchment and coastal sea, so their variations and processes could be recorded in the system. Therefore, we select the subaqueous deltaic system in the Minjiang estuary as the study area, where is a small mountainous river within sub-tropical coast, in this project. The academic thought of “Source-to-Sink” is characters of suspended particles and sediments in catchment area (Source), the sediment dynamic processes within subaqueous delta (processes), and ranges and structures of the subaqueous deltaic depositional system (Sink). Based upon the “Source-to Sink” perspective, we are going to analyze the natural processes of the subaqueous deltaic depositional system and its response to human activities (dam construction within river catchment and sand mining within subaqueous delta) in the Minjiang estuary. Furthermore, we are also going to evaluate the contribution of extreme events (typhoon and flood) in the formation of the subaqueous deltaic depositional system. Especially under the backgrounds of decrease sediment flux discharged from Minjiang river and sand mining within subaqueous delta, we want to assess the significance of rapid sediment discharge from the river influenced by extreme events on the evolution of subaqueous delta.
河口三角洲沉积体系是陆海相互作用计划重点关注的对象之一,其中的沉积记录对揭示流域环境演变和人类活动具有重要的意义,但当前对于该沉积体系的形成过程及其控制机制的认识还不够深入。特别是中小型河口三角洲体系对流域和近海海域环境演变和人类活动敏感,能明确显示过程-记录之间的时空变化,故本项研究拟以福建闽江河口水下三角洲沉积体系为研究对象,依据“从源到汇”的学术思想,通过研究“源”的特性的时空变化特征、“从源到汇”的沉积动力过程、“汇”的分布格局,分析闽江河口水下三角洲沉积体系自然演化过程和人类活动(流域建坝和河口采砂)影响下的河口水下三角洲沉积体系响应特征,评估极端事件在河口水下三角洲沉积体系演化中的作用,尤其是当前流域来沙减少和河口水下三角洲采砂背景下,极端事件引起的泥沙快速入海对河口水下三角洲沉积体系演化的影响。
河口三角洲作为陆海相互作用的关键带,其沉积体系演化过程一直是河口海岸研究重点关注的对象之一,尤其是在当前河口系统状态正在发生转换的背景下,研究河口水下三角洲沉积过程及其控制机制对揭示流域-河口-陆架系统内的自然环境变异和人类活动具有重要的意义。本项目基于“从源到汇”的学术思想,选择福建闽江河口水下三角洲作为研究对象,通过现场观测、沉积物样品采集与分析、数值模拟等手段,系统研究了闽江河流水下三角洲沉积物输运与沉积过程及其对河口动力环境和区域人类活动的响应。研究结果表明,闽江河口水体盐度由河口内部向口外海域逐渐增大,水体浊度总体减小,潮流表现出一定的旋转流特征,潮周期内余流向海,而推移质输运主要发生在涨潮期间,并且潮周期内净向陆输运;表层沉积物主要由粗颗粒物质组成,沉积物类型以砂和砂质粉砂为主,中值粒径小于4 Φ;前三角洲地区表层沉积物主要由细颗粒物质组成,中值粒径介于4 Φ~6 Φ之间;闽江入海泥沙经梅花水道和长门水道入海后,在盐淡水混合、径流、潮流的作用下,在闽江河口形成了四个粗颗粒沉积物汇聚区,成为闽江口地区海砂资源的重要分布区;而细颗粒物质在河口羽流和潮流的作用下向偏东输运,形成了以黏土质粉砂为主的前三角洲,在正常天气情况下,闽江入海泥沙主要圈闭在水下三角洲范围内,但在极端事件影响下,闽江入海泥沙可以向东海陆架输运。在流土地利用变化影响下,20世纪60-70年代水土流失严重,输沙量增大,河口水下三角洲前缘地区普遍淤积而前三角洲地区沉积速率最大(超过1 cm/a);但在水库建设后,大量泥沙被拦截,闽江河流入海泥沙通量逐渐减小,河口水下三角洲前缘地区出现侵蚀,沉积物发生再分配,海砂开采则进一步加剧了沉积物再分配,导致水下三角洲前缘地区局部侵蚀严重、局部淤积的现象,而前三角洲地区沉积速率减小到只有原来的三分之一,与泥沙入海通量变化一致。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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