天然棕色棉抗菌组分的提取、结构及抗菌机制研究

The study showed that the naturally brown cotton has excellent antibacterial properties. The constituent, structure, chemical performance and antibacterial mechanism of antibacterial substances are studied. Firstly, the extraction technology and separation by liquid chromatography are investigated, aiming to get the technological process combination and their parameters, then the device of prepartive liquid chromatography is designed and built, to prepare the antibacterial substances with satisfied purification and adequate amount.The structure, antibacterial mechanism as well as the relationship between the chemical denature structures and antibacterial performances are studied, to clearly understand the antibacterial mechanism and the effect of general textile process conditons on the antibacterial performances, and to provide theoretical understand of stabling and working of the antibacterial functions, and the care of the fabric.On the above basis,the white cotton and polyester fiber are selected as the model fibers of antibacterial substance-philic and antibacterial substance-phobic fibers, respectively, to prepare the naturally brown cotton blend fabric with different ratio, investigating the relationship between blend ratio and antibacterial performances, and giving the theoretical consideration to design such textiles.So the establishment of project is of significance to the promotion of naturally brown cotton in the naturally antibacterial textile applications.

研究表明天然棕色棉具有优异的天然抗菌性。本项目研究天然棕色棉的抗菌物质组成、结构、化学性能以及抗菌机制。首先进行天然棕色棉抗菌组分的提取和液相色谱分离研究，确定天然棕色棉抗菌物质的提纯和液相色谱分离的技术组合和工艺条件，然后设计和搭建制备型液相色谱分离装置，制备足量足纯的天然棕色棉抗菌物质，进行结构、抗菌机制以及化学变性变质和抗菌性能的关系研究，明了天然棕色棉的抗菌机理以及常规纺织加工条件对抗菌性能的影响关系，为天然棕色棉抗菌功能的稳定、功能发挥、产品维护提供理论指导。在此基础上分别以白棉和涤纶作为亲抗菌组分和疏抗菌组分的代表，制备不同混纺比例天然棕色棉混纺产品，进行天然棕色棉含量与抗菌性能发挥机制的研究，建立关系模型，为天然棕色棉抗（抑）菌产品的开发提供理论指导。研究对推动天然棕色棉产业发展，开发天然抗菌功能纺织产品具有重要意义。

天然棕色棉是目前为止发现的唯一一种具有天然抗菌性能的纺织纤维。本研究提取、分离了天然棕色棉的抗菌组分，鉴定了其结构。在此基础研究了抗菌组分的抗菌机理及纤维抗菌性能的影响因素。获得了如下结果:（1）建立起了抗菌组分的提取、分离方法及色素的液相色谱指纹图谱。发现抗菌主体组分为类似缩合单宁的天然多酚类化合物。（2）抗菌组分对革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均有显著的抗菌活性。其抗菌机理是通过与细菌细胞膜结合来破坏细胞膜的结构和功能，抑制细菌繁殖。（3）混纺产品的抗菌性能仅与天然棕色棉的含量有关，白棉混纺产品含天然棕色棉70%以上即可达到纯天然棕色棉产品的抗菌效果。天然棕色棉产品的抗菌性能受精练、日常洗涤、日晒的影响而有所降低，但具有一定的持久性，其抗菌稳定性可满足服用要求。不同纤维种类（涤纶、黏胶、羊毛和真丝等常用纤维）与天然棕色棉纤维混纺对纺织品的抗菌性没有明显影响。(4)首次发现天然棕色棉的天然抗氧化性能，进一步拓展了天然棕色棉的应用领域和使用价值。研究对推动天然棕色棉产业的发展，开发天然抗菌功能纺织产品具有理论和指导意义。