内隐序列学习渐进意识变化及其脑机制

The present research project investigates the dynamic process of graded consciousness in implicit learning based on the theoretical framework of graded consciousness. First, various subjective /objective measures for consciousness will be analyzed under consistent RSI conditions in order to explore sensitive region of each measure for the graded consciousness stages. Based on the results, all measures will be unified into one consistent system according to their differentiated sensitive regions. Upon this basis, behavioral and neuropsychological studies will be conducted to detect progressing stages of consciousness and the underlying transformation mechanisms. For the behavioral studies, innovative designs of "distant transferring of rule conversion" and "conditional rules", combining with measures of individual differences in the personality trait of openness will be used to discover more graded stages of consciousness. For the neural functional studies, following changes in RSI, changes of ERP and fMRI signal in brain monitoring system and the default mode network of resting state for neural activity (with consideration of individual differences in the personality trait of openness) during the implicit progressing course of consciousness will be explored. The present project is innovative in the following aspects: (1) It can conciliate the conflicts resulting from sensitivity discrepancy of different consciousness measures. (2) It shifts the traditional focus on single "fringe consciousness" state to that on the dynamic changing process of consciousness. (3). It explores both the rest-state and the task-state of consciousness rather than only the latter. Findings from the present project will help with the successful revelation of the cognitive and neural functional mechanisms underlying the transformation from implicit knowledge to explicit knowledge, and therefore provides theoretical basis and illumination for future research on consciousness.

本项目以渐进意识为理论框架，考察内隐学习中意识渐变的动态过程。首先在一致的RSI学习条件下，对各种意识性测量的主客观方法进行分析，建立各方法所对应意识状态的敏感区域，按敏感等级建立统一的测量体系；在此基础上从行为和脑功能两方面探测不同的意识中间状态及其转化。行为方面，采用自创的"规则转换远迁移"与"隐藏的条件式规则"等设计，并引入个体高低感受性变量，发现更多的意识渐变状态；脑功能方面，首次探查随RSI的增加,脑监控系统、脑静息态及人格感受性差异在内隐渐变过程中持续的ERPs及脑成像的变化。本研究主要有以下突破：（1）可解决每种意识测量方法所对应意识状态的不同而导致的纷争；（2）将单个"边缘意识"的研究转向为探讨意识的渐变进程；（3）从过去只探讨"任务态"而忽略"静息态"转向为新增"静息态"的探索。本项目有助于成功揭示内隐知识向接近外显知识转化的认知与脑机制，为意识研究提供理论基础与启示。

内隐序列学习渐进意识机制是什么？采用四个递进研究来探索：（1）研究一4个实验，确定了内隐序列学习各意识测量方式敏感性和有效性，为渐进意识研究澄清了有效指标。发现：电生理比行为指标敏感；再认比生成任务敏感，但无法区分无意识/意识；生成任务及其脑成像比口语报告敏感，但其PDP(process dissociation paradigm) 计分方式存在问题。本研究鉴别出包含任务正确数是意识，而非PDP认为的意识和无意识协同，排除任务错误数是无意识，两者对SOA敏感；中央区和顶叶的N2/P3是无意识/意识的有效指标，并对RSI敏感；N1﹑P2是测量情感开放性对内隐序列学习影响的指标，并对RSI敏感。（2）研究二3个实验，发展出多个新意识测量方式。发现：远距离迁移是测量渐进意识的新指标。主序列﹑非主序列习得和转移组块效应是测量高低情感开放性者渐进意识的新指标。开发的快慢任务是内隐人工语法渐进意识的有效在线测量方式。开发的反向对抗逻辑范式弥补了内隐人工语法意识对抗逻辑PDP范式缺陷。（3）研究三采用研究一和二确定的意识测量方式，通过7个磁共振脑成像﹑脑电和行为实验系统探索了多个因素对内隐序列学习渐进意识的影响。发现：随SOA增加，意识/无意识的PDP表征都升高，任务前静息态自发脑激活能预测不同SOA渐进意识。额叶﹑顶下小叶﹑壳核是意识随组段增加而渐进变化的关键脑区。随RSI增加中央区和顶叶的N2无意识知识减少，P3意识知识增大；且N2是远距离迁移的ERPs指标。转移组块的数量和位置影响渐进意识。人格通过梭状回，小脑，脑岛，扣带回，苍白球等脑区的任务前静息态自发脑激活影响意识。人格能预测渐进意识并影响意识可塑性。单侧化影响主观意识。中央执行功能影响内隐序列学习。（4）研究四从深度上扩展到内隐序列学习意识具身机制，从广度上扩展到考察不同意识间的关系。发现：内隐序列学习意识具有具身机制。外显具身操作影响内隐长时/短时记忆；内隐具身操作影响外显认知。不同意识可能存在相关。这些研究揭示了内隐序列学习渐进意识若干机制。