高稳定性类二维薄膜钙钛矿太阳能电池离子固定的研究

The defects of perovskite film causes the instability of perovskite material, the stability has become a bottleneck problem in the development of perovskite solar cell. This project presents the preparation of PMMA- analogous two dimension composite perovskite film, utilizes the active amino and linear short chain of Tetraethylenepent amine (TEPA) interaction with halogen ion. The symmetry mechanical structure of ion is disrupted in perovskite materials. The migration channel of halogen ions is broken in perovskite film. The ion migration resulting in defects is restrained under solar illumination. Then the PMMA was added into precursor solution at the second step, the chemical bond between carbon and oxygen of PMMA is used to passivate and eliminate the defect of perovskite film in fabricated process. Meanwhile, the additive can also enhance the coverage and compactness of perovskite film. This project primarily utilizes analogous two dimension composite perovskite structure to restrain the migration of halogen ions. The fixed halogen ions can prevent the defects from generating. And then the original defect is passivated and eliminated by the chemical bond between carbon and oxygen of second additives. The fabricated method is achieved at the high stability of perovskite solar cell.

针对钙钛矿薄膜太阳能电池当中由过多缺陷造成的长期工作不稳定，且稳定性已经成为钙钛矿太阳能电池发展的瓶颈问题。本项目提出了制备PMMA-类二维（2-Dimension）复合钙钛矿薄膜的方法，通过具有活跃氨基线性短链的TEPA作为形成2D钙钛矿的添加剂，利用氨基与钙钛矿材料当中卤素离子的作用，打乱钙钛矿薄膜当中各个离子基团对称的力学结构，打断钙钛矿薄膜当中卤素离子迁移的通道，防止在光照条件下离子迁移造成大量缺陷的产生。再通过PMMA进行二次添加，利用PMMA中的碳氧负电基团钝化和消除在制备钙钛矿薄膜当中产生的缺陷，达到既能实现钙钛矿薄膜缺陷的消除与钝化，又能实现薄膜覆盖率与致密性的提升，达到电池整体性能的增强。本项目首先通过制备类二维钙钛矿结构抑制卤素离子的迁移，防止大量缺陷的产生，其次利用第二次添加添加剂的碳氧基团消除和钝化在制备过程薄膜产生的缺陷，实现钙钛矿薄膜太阳能电池稳定性的提升。

针对钙钛矿薄膜太阳能电池当中存在由缺陷造成的长期工作不稳定，且稳定性已经成为钙钛矿太阳能电池发展的瓶颈问题。本项目通过具有活跃氨基的添加剂（如：四乙烯五胺、苯二胺氢碘酸盐、苯四胺氢碘酸盐、三氟乙醚等线性、氟苯乙基碘化胺等）与钙钛矿材料作用形成2D钙钛矿的添加剂，利用氨基与钙钛矿材料当中卤素离子的作用，打乱钙钛矿薄膜当中各个离子基团对称的力学结构，打断钙钛矿薄膜当中卤素离子迁移的通道，防止在光照条件下离子迁移造成大量缺陷的产生，达到既能实现钙钛矿薄膜缺陷的消除与钝化，又能实现薄膜覆盖率与致密性的提升，避免功能层之间出现孔洞，加速钙钛矿太阳能电池中光生激子的提取与分离。最终制备了光电转换效率达到23%的MAPbI3为主体的钙钛矿太阳能电池，1000小时效率衰减控制在10%以内。