风雨作用下高速铁路车-轨-桥时变系统横向稳定性基础理论研究

Complex rain-wind climatic conditions are inevitable for the busy high-speed railway network. Since bridges consist the majority (more than 50% of the total length) of the high-speed railway lines in China, so that the running safety of high-speed train on bridge under rain-wind effects becomes extremely important. The present project aims to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the complex rain-wind filed based on field measurement, and establish a mathematical model of multiple parameters for describing its main characteristics. The wind tunnel experimental techniques and CFD simulation methods will be also developed for testing the unsteady rain-wind coupling effects and building the aerodynamic model for the train-bridge system under rain-wind coupling effects. The vibration transfer mechanism from the wind sensitive components to the bridge will be disclosed, as well as the effects of rain on the friction between wheels and tracks will be also disclosed. Based on dynamic theory and simulation, a high-efficiency method will be developed for analyzing the lateral stability of high-speed train-track-bridge (TTB) system under the multiple random effects of track irregularity and rain-wind actions. The flow structure coupling mechanism will be also revealed based on the coupling simulation of the aerodynamics and dynamics of the TTB system using FLUENT and SIMPACK. Besides that, the running safety criterion will be studied considering the effects of rain-wind field, and the corresponding running regulations and wind breaking facilities will also be developed. The results of present project will provide theoretical foundation and relevant techniques for the running safety of TTB system under the complex rain-wind climatic conditions.

公交化的高铁运营不可完全避开复杂风雨气候条件，由于桥梁占我国高速铁路线路里程比例非常高（平均50%以上），致使风雨作用下高铁桥上列车运行安全问题较为突出。本项目通过现场实测，研究复杂风雨的工程相关特性，建立考虑多参数的风雨耦合作用数学模型；提出非平稳风雨耦合作用的风洞试验和CFD数值模拟方法，建立风雨作用下车桥系统的非平稳气动力模型；探明大跨度桥梁风振敏杆构件的振动传递机制和降雨对轮轨摩擦力的影响规律；结合理论和仿真分析，发展轨道不平顺性和风雨等多重随机作用下车-轨-桥时变系统横向稳定性高效分析方法；基于FLUENT和SIMAPCK，提出车-轨-桥系统空气动力学和耦合动力学之间的流固耦合联合仿真技术，揭示系统的气固液耦合机理；研究风雨作用下车-轨-桥时变系统横向稳定性判别准则，分别从软件和硬件角度提出有效安全防控方法。研究成果为我国复杂风雨条件下桥上高速列车行车安全提供理论基础和技术支撑。

随着我国高铁网络的快速发展，公交化的高铁运营不可完全避开复杂风雨气候条件，由于桥梁占我国高速铁路线路里程比例非常高（平均50%以上），致使风雨作用下高铁桥上列车运行安全问题较为突出。本项目采用风洞实验、现场实测、数值模拟和仿真分析相结合的方法，针对风雨作用下高铁桥上列车运行安全问题开展深入研究，已基本完成了项目计划书中的研究内容。主要成果有：1）研发一套适用于各种风雨环境的长期风、雨现场智能观测系统，并结合建立的海南东环线以及厦深线过去三年的风雨监测数据，得到了典型测点的风、雨联合分布概率密度模型；提出了基于数字图像投影测量技术的水膜/线厚度测试方法；2）探明了扁平箱梁和钢桁梁等典型大跨桥梁-列车系统的雷诺数效应，并提出了遮挡效应和车底涡脱抑制效应等车桥气动干扰效应；采用改装的MJP-40摩擦磨耗试验机，研究了干摩擦、水润滑和铁氧化物悬浮液等不同介质在不同触应力、蠕滑率和轮对转速工况下对轮轨黏着系数和轮轨摩擦系数的作用机理，拓展了水介质对轮-轨振动的分析方法；3）提出了基于演化功率谱解耦的非平稳风场模拟方法；探讨了概率密度演化法用于车辆-轨道非线性系统竖向振动的适用性；提出了非平稳激励下风-车-桥系统耦合振动分析框架，并获软件著作权；4）建立了横风作用下列车脱轨与倾覆失稳计算模型，提出了横风作用下列车脱轨与倾覆失稳计算方法。提出了多种新型风（声）屏障结构形式，并开展系列参数优化研究；提出考虑列车、桥梁和风声屏障气动特性的高铁车-桥系统综合优化设计方法。. 研究成果对我国高速铁路自主创新和可持续发展具有重要意义。相关成果已发表国内外学术期刊发表论文47、会议论文22篇，出版专著1部，授权国家发明专利12项，软件著作权2项，并获国家科技进步二等奖1项和省部级奖励2项。培养了国家“万人计划”领军人才、“杰青”2人次，培养博士后2人（出站1人）、博士研究生9人（毕业2名），硕士研究生18名（毕业11名）。