兰州鲇生长发育性状分子遗传学基础研究

Lanzhou catfish(Silurus lanzhouensis) is a unique quality economic fish. Project application unit had tackled the technical problems of wild domestication, artificial propagation, large-scale fry rearing and conservation biology, and had launched the breeding work on the the Lanzhou catfish in recent years, which greatly promoted the development of this local and economic fish farming industry. The F1 generation of Lanzhou catfish bred by the traditional Groups Breeding Technology shows improved growth traits and adaptability, but displayed slow progress in breeding and the poor genetic stability of the main elected traits. In view of this, on the foundation of these bred family group, the project will construct genetic linkage map of Lanzhou catfish using microsatellite marker, clone target gene related to growth character, screen SNP sites of target genes related to growth character, analyze tissue expression differences and explore the function and mechanism of target gene, locate the QTL sites related to growth character of Lanzhou catfish, in order to provide important theoretical basis for studying on molecular genetic mechanisms of growth traits in Lanzhou catfish, and to lay the foundation for the research and application of modern fish breeding.

兰州鲇是黄河上游特有的、优质经济鱼类。项目申请单位近年来已经攻克了兰州鲇野生家养驯化、人工繁殖、保护遗传学等技术难题，开展了兰州鲇良种选育研究工作，极大地促进了宁夏地方特色经济鱼类养殖业的发展。采用传统群体选育技术选育出的兰州鲇F1代虽然在生长性状和适应性方面都有所提高，但是存在选育进程缓慢、生长发育性状遗传稳定性较差等问题。鉴于此，本项目拟在已选育并建立家系群体的基础上，应用微卫星标记技术构建兰州鲇遗传连锁图谱，克隆生长发育性状相关目的基因，筛选生长发育性状相关SNP标记，分析目的基因组织表达差异，探讨其功能与作用机制，定位兰州鲇生长发育性状QTL位点，以期为兰州鲇生长发育性状的分子遗传机制研究提供重要理论依据，为开展现代鱼类育种领域的研究与应用奠定分子遗传学基础。

兰州鲇是黄河上游特有的、优质经济鱼类。近些年来，由于水体污染、过度捕捞、综合水利工程建设等因素，兰州鲇野生种群日益减少，消费市场需求日益增加，养殖产业前景广阔，但养殖群体选育程度较低，养殖效益优势难以凸显。本项目在已选育并建立家系群体的基础上，应用磁珠富集法筛选微卫星标记，开展家系生长发育分子遗传学研究，筛选获得1047个兰州鲇微卫星标记位点，进一步验证获得113个与兰州鲇生长发育相关的微卫星多态位点。应用RAD-Seq测序分析技术开展SNP标记筛选与遗传分析研究，筛选构建获得了30个包含545个SNP标记连锁群的遗传连锁图谱，定位了7个与兰州鲇生长性状紧密连锁的SNP标记位点。应用基因克隆分析技术开展候选功能基因筛选与分析研究，克隆获得6个与兰州鲇生长发育性状相关的目的基因，在目的基因的生物学信息、生长发育性状SNP遗传变异、组织表达差异分析的基础上，初步探讨了其功能与作用机制。通过以上研究结果，为兰州鲇生长发育性状的分子遗传机制研究提供重要理论依据，为开展现代鱼类育种领域的研究与应用奠定分子遗传学基础。