黄土高原区重度盐碱地滴灌土壤水盐调控机制与开发利用研究

Soil salinization is very serious in the Loess Plateau, the area of salinization land is very large and it is widely distributed, large areas with sodic-rich spots and barren lands are formed,the ecological environment is very serious. The soil structure is easily destroyed under the traditional hydraulic engineering methods. The biological measures need a long time to recovery and have limitations on low germination and survaval rate. The structure of the soil in the Loess Plateau is very poor, it has high pH value and low permeability, so the saline lands are hard to utilization under the natral conditions. Based on the research results of utilizing saline soil under drip irrigation, integrated the methods of drip irrigation and biological treatments,the project will be carry field experiments to research the distribution and movement of the water and salt, the changes of soil environment and the growth of the plant during the utilization process. The results will reveal the coupling mechanism of water and salt regulation, propose the economical and easily exercisable methods to utilize the highly salt-affected soil in the Loess Plateau.This project will provide theoretical and technological guidance for sustainable reclamation of sodic soil in this area, and in the meantime, it has important scientific significance and guiding value for other saline soil types.

黄土高原区土壤盐渍化十分严重，区内盐碱地面积大、分布广，形成大面积的连片碱斑和光板地，生态环境极其恶劣。由于传统的水利工程措施容易破坏土壤结构，生物措施则治理过程漫长，并且植物的出苗率和成活率低，这些方法对于开发利用该区的重盐碱地存在一定的局限性。本项目针对黄土高原区土壤盐碱化严重、苏打含量高、透水性差、农业开发利用困难等问题，将滴灌土壤水盐调控方法与盐碱地生物治理措施相结合，探讨"牧草连作"和"草田轮作"两种模式下不同土壤基质势阈值控制下土壤水盐运移规律、滴灌过程中土壤环境的变化规律以及植物对土壤环境变化的响应，得到适合该区的滴灌土壤水盐调控灌溉制度，选出适合该区种植的牧草和农作物品种，提出黄土高原区重度盐碱地开发利用方法，将为该区重度盐碱地的开发利用提供科学依据，对其它类型盐碱地的开发和利用也具有重要的参考价值。

本项目按照项目计划书开展相关科学研究工作，针对黄土高原区土壤盐碱化严重、苏打含量高、透水性差、农业开发利用困难等问题，将滴灌土壤水盐调控方法与盐碱地生物治理措施相结合，进行三年田间试验研究，在大同盆地典型重度盐碱荒地上种植紫花苜蓿、草木樨、披碱草和高粱，采用滴灌技术对该区重度盐碱土进行土壤水盐调控，通过不同的土壤基质势阈值来控制灌溉水量，对滴灌条件下的土壤环境变化和植物响应进行研究。探讨了不同种植方式下不同土壤基质势阈值控制下土壤水盐运移规律、滴灌过程中土壤环境的变化规律以及植物对土壤环境变化的响应特征，得到了适合该区的滴灌土壤水盐调控灌溉制度，选出了适合该区种植的牧草和农作物品种，提出了黄土高原区重度盐碱地开发利用方法, 为该区重度盐碱地的开发利用提供了科学依据。在该项目的支持下，共发表论文8篇（含录用待发表3篇），其中SCI收录3篇，中文核心期刊论文4篇（含录用待发表3篇），中文科技核心论文1篇。