冠状动脉介入手术模拟关键问题研究

Coronary heart disease, as "the first killer" of human health, has become a major problem of public health all over the world. On the basis of clinical requirement and previous research, in this project, we will study on a series of key problems for virtual-reality based simulation of coronary intervention, which is one of the major treatments of coronary heart disease but difficult to master due to its complexity, high risks and lack of effective training methods. The problems include modeling of the coronary arteries, deformation simulation and analysis, modeling of surgical devices for intervention, design of data acquisition device, motion tracking and positioning, simulation of interaction between vascular systems and surgical devices, and the development, evaluation and clinical validation of an integrated simulation system. We aim at developing a realistic, immersive and interactive virtual environment for relatively high-level training, helping surgeons conveniently and effectively acquire coronary intervention skills and procedures, learn hand-eye coordination skills, and be familiar with the environment of coronary intervention. Moreover, the simulation system developed in this project will provide an example for the simulation of other surgical procedures involving tubular tissues, such as esophageal and bronchial stent implantation surgery.

冠心病是危害人类健康的"第一杀手"，已成为全球的重大公共卫生问题。在临床需求和前期研究的基础上，本项目以操作复杂、高风险、缺乏充足有效训练方式的冠状动脉介入手术（冠心病的主要治疗方法之一）为研究对象，对冠心病介入手术模拟的关键问题展开研究。主要内容包括：冠状动脉血管的模型构建、形变模拟和统计分析，介入手术器械的建模、信号采集装置设计、运动跟踪和定位，介入手术交互模拟，以及冠状动脉介入手术模拟训练系统的构建、评估验证及临床应用。本项目旨在提供一个适合高层次训练要求，且具有真实感、沉浸感和交互感的仿真模拟环境，让临床医生可以有效地、方便地训练介入手术技能和手术过程，培养手眼协调能力，熟悉冠心病介入手术环境。此外，本项目对人体其他管状组织的介入手术(比如食道和支气管支架植入术)模拟具有参考意义。

冠心病已成为全球的重大公共卫生问题，介入手术是主要的治疗手段之一。本项目以操作复杂、高风险、缺乏充足有效训练方式的冠状动脉介入手术为研究对象，对冠心病介入手术模拟的关键问题展开研究。主要研究内容包括：(1)血管的三维建模、形变模拟及统计分析，(2)介入手术器械的建模和手术交互模拟方法，(3)手术器械信号采集装置设计及运动跟踪、定位方法研究，(4)冠状动脉介入手术模拟训练系统的构建和评估，(5)冠状动脉血流动力学仿真计算和(6)医学数据的数字几何处理算法研究。本项目提出了介入器械运动模拟新方法、软组织形变模拟新方法、造影剂扩散过程模拟新方法、医学模型噪声去除和优化的新方法，发明了介入器械信号采集新装置，设计了冠脉血流动力学仿真计算模型，研发了一套血管介入手术模拟训练系统。该系统提供了一个具有多个血管模型和多种手术器械的、具有真实感和交互感的虚拟训练环境。临床医生可以进行血管介入手术技能训练，练习介入手术过程，培养手眼协调能力，熟悉冠状动脉及其周围的解剖结构和手术环境。除了冠脉的介入手术模拟，该系统还提供了颈动脉、肾动脉、腹主动脉、膝下动脉、骼动脉、股浅动脉的介入手术模拟，以及心房颤动导管消融术模拟。本项目对人体其他管状组织的介入手术模拟(比如食道或支气管支架植入术)以及相应模拟设备的研制具有参考意义。