中国林木蚧虫寄生蜂蚜小蜂科和跳小蜂科分类及区系研究

Due to the vast species abundance, smaller size of body, concealed livelihood and difficulties in discovery and control, the scale insects frequently bring about great disasters in forestry production. As a category of extremely important natural resources, most species of Aphelinidae and Encyrtidae parasitoids are of excellent properties, and are primary parasitoids which can be used in biological control. This project will study emphasis on review of some controversial genera in Aphelinidae; establishment of species groups in some large, not well studied genera; revision and phylogenetic analysis of tribes; make clear the systematic positions and diagnostic characters of some confused and closely related genera and species; faunistic compositions and distributional patterns, using the methods of external morphology combination with molecular biology, traditional taxonomy combination with cladistic systematics, aim at provide some bases on biological control of forest scale insects, and also improve on the systematic study level of Aphelinidae and Encyrtidae in China.

介壳虫种类繁多，个体微小，生活隐蔽，不易被察觉，防治困难，往往在生产上造成重大的灾害。蚜小蜂科和跳小蜂科昆虫，大多数均为性能优良、可供害虫生物防治之用的初寄生蜂，因而是一类极其重要的生物资源。本项目将采用外部形态学结合分子生物学、传统分类学结合支序系统学等方法，重点研究蚜小蜂科部分有争议属的进一步厘定；对大型、属下种团分类薄弱的部分属进行种团分类；针对跳小蜂科高级阶元分类比较混乱的局面，对中国寄生蚧虫跳小蜂科各族级阶元进行全面厘定和系统发育分析；澄清和厘定近缘属、种的分类地位和鉴别；研究中国林木蚧虫寄生性蚜小蜂科和跳小蜂科的区系组成以及分布格局，为我国林木蚧虫的生物防治提供基础依据，同时进一步提高我国蚜小蜂科和跳小蜂科的分类学研究水平。

本项目对中国林木蚧虫寄生性天敌蚜小蜂科和跳小蜂科进行了分类研究。通过在我国东北、西北、西南、华南、华东及华中15个省(区)的标本采集，结合查看相关科研院所相关类群的馆藏标本，发现并发表41个新种，中国新记录21种，中国新记录亚属1个，地区性新记录16种；发表论文20篇，包括SCI收录论文16篇；形态学特征结合支序系统学研究和分子生物学技术，对蚜小蜂科的部分属进行了厘定，并提出了1个新种团；编制了中国林木蚧虫寄生性蚜小蜂科和跳小蜂科的名录。名录由过去已知的75属280种，增加至目前的87属371种，为我国林木蚧虫的生物防治提供了基础依据。