间接高频信号注入的航空三级式同步电机无位置传感器起动控制研究

The quality and property of the aircraft AC electric power could be improved significantly by the integrated starting and generating technology of the three-stage synchronous machine(TSSM), and it has been the important developing direction of the aircraft electric power technology. In order to solve the problems of complex structure, poor adaptability and lower reliability of the position senor equipped in the TSSM for the starting control, the key technology of sensorless starting control method based on the indirect high-frequency signal injection(HFSI) to the main exciter has been proposed to solve the problem of the traditional strategy of the direct HFSI to the main generator. The influence rule of non-linear links in the transmission path of the high-frequency response signal has been analyzed, a novel asynchronous modulation method for extraction of the position angle and compensation strategy for the position estimation error are presented, and initial rotor position estimation method with the rapid response characteristic is given. The integrated method of the indirect HFSI and AC excitation is exploited to achieve the simplified starting control method for the proposed system, and the sensorless starting control law of the TSSM and its effect on the output performance have been revealed to supply the theory and technology for the solution of the key problems in the aircraft high-power AC starter/generator system. The research achievement could also extend the application field of the TSSM in the driving control, and the theoretical system of the AC machine could be further abundant.

三级式同步电机起动发电一体化技术大幅提升了飞机交流电源的品质和性能，成为新型航空电源技术的重要发展方向。本项目针对三级式同步电机起动控制安装位置传感器引入的结构复杂、环境适应性差、可靠性低的问题，提出开展主励磁机间接注入高频信号的无位置传感器起动控制关键技术的研究，解决传统主发电机定子直接注入高频信号引入的问题，分析高频响应信号传输路径的非线性环节对转子位置估计信息的影响规律，提出一种非同步解调的转子位置角提取方法和位置估计误差的补偿控制策略，研究具有快速响应特性的转子初始位置估计方法，提出一种主励磁机交流励磁与间接高频信号注入相集成的方法简化系统起动控制策略，研究揭示三级式同步电机无位置传感器起动控制规律和及其对输出特性的影响，为航空大功率交流起动发电系统中的关键问题的解决提供理论和技术基础。研究成果还能够扩展三级式同步电机在驱动控制方面的应用领域，进一步丰富交流电机系统的理论体系。

本项目以航空三级式同步电机的驱动控制为基础，聚焦于起动控制过程中所需的转子位置信息提取研究，以满足航空极端情况下的无位置传感器起动控制。本项目从三级式同步电机的结构特性和数学模型出发，对于转子位置估计过程中所涉及的信号注入、响应信号提取、转子位置解调及误差补偿四个方面展开研究：信号注入方面由基于主励磁机定子侧的传统旋转高频电压注入法拓展出将主励磁机交流励磁与高频注入相结合即基于电机励磁谐波而非额外注入的方式，降低了信号注入的难度，且有效减轻了由额外信号注入引起的转矩脉动问题；响应信号提取方面，本项目将数字滤波器、二阶广义积分器、纯延时滤波器和陷波器引入到高频信号的滤波提取过程中，实现了精准性更佳、精确度更高的谐波提取；转子位置解调方面，本项目先后提出了极性还原法、双路计算法、直接解耦法、间接解耦法及正交解调法等多种解耦方式，解调过程由繁到简、估计精度由低到高；误差补偿方面则结合电机特性和参数详细分析了旋转整流器非线性特性、滤波器相移、加速度和锁相环带来的误差，实现了更为完整、更为精确误差补偿。基于以上研究探索，本项目分别进行了仿真分析和实验验证，转子位置误差实现了从0.2rad到0.05rad的提升过程，实现了三级式同步电机高可靠、高精度无位置传感器起动控制，对于实现航空起动发电一体化，推进飞机多电化进程具有重要意义。