林权流转背景下南方集体林区不同规模农户营林效益与行为的异质性研究——基于非农就业与雇工劳动质量的视角

A new series supporting policies including forest tenure right transfer which relative to forest tenure right reform in southern collective forest area improved the expansion of forest management scale and diversification of forest management subjects, but it is necessary to evaluate the rationality and the impacts on forest management benefit and behaviors of rural households from the policies implementation which are inclined to larger scale households. Based on the Chinese fir and bamboo as the case tree and households survey in Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces this research try to compare the difference between economic and ecological benefit with different size households, it uses the theoretical and empirical methodologies to analyze the heterogeneities and its mechanism for rural households' forest management benefit with different size from the perspective of off-farming employment and hired labor quality. Further more, it intends to explain the reason of these heterogeneities for rural households' forest management benefit with different size by the heterogeneities for behaviors and decision-making of different size rural households. This research can get some new achievements which can improve the scientific of policies, also it can help get more new cognition for the heterogeneities of rural households’ forest management benefit and behaviors with different size. According to the above works, this proposal can provide the decision-making basis for identifying the target group of forest industry policies, and experiences and recommendations from this research also can give more lessons and value for other provinces in southern collective forest area to implement the forest industry policies.

林权流转等一系列南方集体林区林权改革配套政策实施推动了林地经营规模扩大和经营主体多元化，但在政策执行中对大户倾斜的合理性及对农户营林效益和行为产生影响亟需通过理论与实证研究进行科学研判。本项目以南方集体林区浙江、福建、江西省代表性树种杉木和毛竹为案例树种，基于林农调查数据，比较不同规模林农私人经济和生态效益差异，从山区农户出现的非农就业化趋势和规模经营中凸显的雇工劳动质量问题两个视角出发，从理论和实证两方面剖析其对不同规模林农营林经济和生态效益影响的异质性及作用机理，并基于林农营林决策行为的异质性来解释造成不同规模林农营林效益差异的原因。研究有望取得可提升政策科学性的新成果，有助于就不同规模农户营林效益和行为的异质性问题取得新认识。研究成果可为南方集体林区明确今后林业扶持政策的受益对象提供科学决策依据，其总结的实践经验和发展建议也可为其他南方集体林区落实林业扶持政策提供示范价值。

林权流转等一系列南方集体林区林权改革配套政策实施推动了林地经营规模扩大和经营主体多元化，但在政策执行中对大户倾斜的合理性及对农户营林效益和行为产生影响亟需通过理论与实证研究进行科学研判。本研究从雇工劳动质量和非农就业视角切入，以委托代理、新劳动力迁移经济等主要理论为基础,在构建非农就业和雇工劳动对于不同规模林农营林效益影响的分析框架基础上,利用南方集体林区浙、闽、赣三省林农实地调研数据，比较分析了不同规模林农私人经济和社会生态效益差异，从非农就业和雇工劳动角度运用计量模型分析其对不同规模林农营林效益的影响机制，并从林农营林决策行为的影响机制探讨进一步分析造成林农营林效益差异的深层次原因。在此基础之上，提出了完善不同规模林农营林扶持的政策建议。研究发现：（1）南方集体林区不同规模林农之间的营林效益存在一定差异。规模户营林的单位面积材积量和碳汇价值要高于普通户，且单位产品成本要小于普通户；（2）非农就业增加导致普通户用材林经营的经济和生态效益显著下降,规模户用材林经营的经济和生态效益显著增加；（3）规模化后雇工增加导致的劳动质量问题是影响规模户营林效益的重要负面因素,是制约林业规模化经营的重要瓶颈；（4）非农就业的劳动力流失效应抑制了不同规模林农的营林投资。同时,非农就业的劳动力流失效应也降低了林农流入林地的面积和意愿；（5）非农就业导致普通户采伐时间提前,规模户采伐时间延后,这是造成非农就业对不同规模林农营林效益影响存在异质性的主要原因；（6）通过嵌入产业组织，统一社会生态效益和个体经济效益，可以真正解决生态化经营推广过程中的“小农户排斥”困境。（7）农户家庭林业劳动力女性化程度越高，农户越倾向于采纳劳动节约型营林新技术。研究成果可为南方集体林区明确今后林业扶持政策的受益对象提供科学决策依据，其总结的实践经验和发展建议也可为其他南方集体林区落实林业扶持政策提供示范价值。