麋鹿角功效物质基础研究

Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards is a kind of precious medicinal animals in China.Utill now, Several thousands of Elaphurus davidianus have been breeded in China ,and the amounts of the ossification cornu which was naturaly shed have reached several tons. How to make use of the valuable resource of cornu elaphuri davidiani rationally based on the traditional efficacies which was described in chinese medicine is an urgent issue. Based on the previous studies, we proposed an idea that the traditional efficacies of corn elaphuri davidiani might be presented by the primary and secondary metabolites of corn elaphuri davidiani through regulating the endocrine-immune-neurobiology network. According to the research strategy of semi-bionic extraction-Molecular interception-tandem chromatography- ethnopharmacological evaluation, we intend to carry out the following research:(1) A systematic study on the primary and secondary metabolites of corn elaphuri davidiani by the modern separation/analysis techniques to reveal its material foundation of the multi-efficacies;(2)A systematic study on the appropriate biological model and the ethnopharmacological evaluation system to clarify its efficacy characteristics and the mechanism according to the traditional efficacies of nourishing yin and yang, supplementing essence and blood, strengthening bones and tendons. The objective of the project is to provide a rational basis for the reasonable use of resources and promote the sustainable development of precious medicinal animal resources.

麋鹿为我国珍贵的鹿科药用动物，历经变迁，现在我国繁育的种群数量已达数千头，自然脱落的骨化角达数吨。如何依据中医论述和本草记载应用麋鹿角滋阴补阳的独特功效，科学合理利用这一宝贵资源，是亟待解决的问题。在前期研究积累的基础上，提出麋鹿角可能通过其初生和次生代谢产物综合作用于内分泌-免疫-神经生物网络而发挥其补益功效的研究思路。采用半仿生提取－分子截留－串连色谱－效应评价的研究策略，拟开展如下研究工作：（1）采用现代分离/分析技术，对麋鹿角初生和次生代谢产物进行系统研究，揭示其多元功效的物质基础；（2）围绕麋鹿角补阴阳、益精血、强筋骨的传统功效，建立客观适宜的生物模型和效应评价体系，阐明其功效特点和作用机理。为合理利用麋鹿角资源和促进珍贵药用动物资源的可持续发展提供科学依据。

1.麋鹿角化学成分分析评价. 采用LC-MS、GC-MS、ICP-AES等方法对不同年龄及不同角部位的麋鹿角中的氨基酸、核苷、脂肪酸、无机元素和多糖等化学成分进行分析。采用Nano LC -IT-Orbitrap方法，对角水提液中蛋白多肽进行分析与鉴定。.2.麋鹿角功效基础研究. （1）补阴 采用甲状腺素并利血平致小鼠和大鼠肾阴虚模型，研究血浆中生物指标变化，显示麋鹿角具有一定的补阴功效，此功效与调节机体抗氧化能力、内分泌和免疫系统等功能状态密切相关。. （2）补阳 采用氢化可的松致大鼠肾阳虚模型和劳倦过度，房事不节”肾阳虚小鼠模型，通过血浆各项指标、生殖功能和代谢组学的分析评价，显示麋鹿角可改善肾阳虚证大鼠症状，具有补阳功效。通过不同程度的调节内分泌与免疫功能而发挥，亦与调节神经-内分泌网络功能密切相关。. （3）益精血 采用环磷酰胺并乙酰苯肼致小鼠化学损伤性血虚模型，测定相应生物指标，显示麋鹿角粉及麋鹿角水提药渣对降低的白细胞有恢复作用，能促进骨髓细胞由G0/G1期向S期转化，促进骨髓细胞DNA的合成，减轻模型小鼠脾脏病变。. （4）抗衰老 采用D-半乳糖诱导的小鼠亚急性衰老模型，检测血浆各项指标，显示麋鹿角可通过提高机体抗氧化酶系活性，抑制脑组织中MAO活性，提高免疫功能，延缓皮肤衰老而发挥抗衰老作用。. （5）强筋骨 建立切除卵巢致大鼠骨质疏松模型和泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼骨质疏松模型，测定各项指标，并从细胞水平研究拟雌激素作用和成骨分化功能，表明麋鹿角有一定的抗骨质疏松作用。. （6）神经活性 采用神经退行性老年痴呆模型和抑郁小鼠模型，检测相应指标，表明麋鹿角能显著增强记忆力，改善抑郁情况。.3.基于COI条形码序列的角类动物药材DNA分子鉴定研究. 采用DNA条形码技术，对源自鹿科、牛科和犀科的7种角类动物药材进行分子鉴定，建立系统发育树，为角类药材研究提供了科学依据。. 研究工作在国内外学术期刊见刊论文9篇，其中SCI论文2篇；SCI论文接收2篇；申请发明专利2项；培养博士研究生1名，硕士研究生2名。