效率与公平目标下的水权交易机制与政策研究：以武汉城市群为例

Water rights trading is an efficient way to realize the optimal allocation of water resources. However, several factors , such as the differences in water resource endowments and the non- coordination of the region's development etc, restrict the water configuration efficiency and fairness. Therefore, the benefits of trading scheme restrained by "efficiency-fairness"is the key to improving the water rights transactions policy. This project, combined with the realistic requirements for the "two-oriented" society construction in Wuhan, centering on the two key targets of "economic efficiency and fairness" in the urban agglomerations water rights transactions, using information entropy method to extract urban agglomerations water rights trading market constraints and cooperation key factors, constructs the differential game market allocation mechanisms with incentives and cooperation characteristics to study the urban water law and the interests of the coordination group configuration mechanism. Meanwhile, the project also tries to research and analyze the "efficiency-fairness"trading mechanism of response mechanism in the frame work of the utility function. Also, it attempts to carry out the empirical study of the effect of water rights transactions, and then to improve the urban water rights trading policy design, system construction and planning proposals. The research will play an important role in providing basic theoretical research foundation, targeted technical support and policy to improve the city water rights trading market.

水权交易是实现水资源配置的有效途径。然而由于水资源禀赋的差异及地区开发行为的非协同性等因素，制约着水权交易的效率与公平性。研究效率-公平目标下的交易机制是完善水权交易政策的关键。本项目结合武汉 "两型"社会建设的现实需要，围绕城市群水权交易的"经济效率"和"公平性"两个关键目标，通过信息熵方法提取城市群水权交易中制约与合作的关键因子，构建微分博弈下的激励分配机制来研究城市群水资源配置规律及利益协调机理，在效用函数分析框架下研究分析交易机制的"效率-公平性"响应机理，并对水权交易的效果进行实证研究，进而完善城市群水权交易机制设计、制度构建及政策建议。研究成果将对城市群水权交易市场的完善提供理论研究基础、有针对性的技术支持及政策支撑作用。

本课题采用GIS定量策略技术、利益相关者理论、社会福利理论、博弈论等，采用数据分析与多学科融合等研究方法,以武汉城市圈应城为研究案例区，以水资源高效利用为目标，以公平与效率兼顾为视角，对基于水量时空分布不均的丰水地区水资源共享共治机理进行研究。首先基于GIS，因子分析等构建不同区域流域的水资源总量识别，进行仿真模拟，对水资源供及与需求进行定量刻画，以对水资源可分配部分进行识别；其次采用信息识别方法对利益相关者行为的描述，通过信息结构刻画对利益相关者的不同诉求与身份进行识别，构建以利益相关者为基础的多利益主体交互规律的认识；第三采用供应链节点方法构建流域多元利益主体动态博弈分析模型，研究基于空间结构的水资源调控方法与利益协调机制；在此基础上，提出基于共治共享的区域水资源协同高效利用的公平性准则制度设计。以期望对我国丰水地区时空差异的水资源调配政策，提供一种从照顾历史形成、产业倾斜等相对公平性角度的水资源高效利用模式，为深化水资源市场管理体制改革和实现人与人之间，人与自然之间和谐利用水资源提供决策参考。