城乡道路网空间：复杂性涌现与自组织演化——以武汉城市圈为例

As a ground transportation network, urban-rural road network continuously emerged out of spatial complexity, such as self-similar, scale-free, samll-world,and self-organization and so on,through the hierarchical mechanism in random, transport geography research based on reductionism is open to challenge. So, the project tries to establish the research framework of relationship, mapping and inversion. .Firstly, it introduces of Complex Network, and restructures the theory system of spatial complexity of urban-rural road network system, from the shape, structure, function and evolution four aspects(meaning as relationship study). Secondly, it considers of network hierarchy and agent behavior variables, reconstructs weighted complex network model(meaning as mapping study).Then, taking Wuhan Metropolitan Area as a main study area, with the multi-scale analysis of the micro-macro scale and spatio-temporal dimension, the project reveals spatial self-organization mechanism of the urban-rural road network(meaning as inversion study). .Its' main possible findings includes those several aspect: (1)urban-rural road network is not simple but complex, and emerged in self-similarity of configuration and scale-free of structure, whose complexity exists spatio-temporal constraints. On one hand, the structure of the road network follows a simple rule, such as Gaussian or Exponential distribution at some micro-scale, while manifests complexity network just like power-law distribution at other macro-scale. On the other hand, the order of this form does not take place at once, and originates from a paradoxical movement of the symmetrical incompletion and reconstruction. (2)this emergence of network spatial complexity is mainly attributed to its' intrinsic hierarchical system and self-organizing mechanism, including of the agent preferential-selection, supply-demand element coupling structure and external disturbance. And the spatial structure is the result of long-term coupling and non-linear interaction, and the movement of symmetrical incompletion and reconstruction of hierarchical systems. (3)the self-organizing evolution of urban-rural road network can be expressed as a series of network dynamics model, such as the GIS-CA Model based on road basic structural unit, the System Dynamics Model based on road demand-supply system gray correlation, and the Cascading Failure Model based on road structure change under attack. .It is not difficult to see that the theory and empirical research on spatio-temporal complex emergence, can bring theoretically breakthroughs and methodology innovation for transportation geography about spatial complexity research, and provide theory guide for spatial control and optimization of urban-rural road network in metropolitan areas.

作为一地面交通网，城乡道路网不断通过等级自组织机制于随机中涌现出空间复杂性，还原论下的交通地理学研究受到挑战。基于此，项目建立关系－映射－反演的研究框架，引入复杂网络理论，从形态、结构、功能和演化四个方面架构城乡道路网的空间复杂性理论体系（关系）；引入道路等级和主体行为空间变量，构建复杂加权网络模型（映射）；以武汉城市圈为例，从实－相空间维度，采用微观→宏观和空间→时间的多尺度分析范式，拟揭示城乡道路网空间自组织机理（反演）：城乡道路网貌似简单实则复杂，涌现出时空约束下的构形自相似性和结构无标度性特征，即复杂性存在从无到有、从局部到整体的时空分异，主要源于其内在的等级自组织机制，表现为个体偏好选择、供需要素耦合和外部干扰作用下的有序结构，可以通过系列网络动力学模型模拟。通过理论和时空涌现实证研究，可以实现运输网络空间复杂性研究的创新和突破，为我国都市圈城乡道路网协控和优化提供理论指导。

本项目通过融汇系统科学、非线性科学和复杂科学相关理论和方法，构建城乡路网系统的空间复杂性理论体系和研究范式，融入地计算思想和GIS技术，引入（或改进）系列复杂网络信息挖掘模型，以武汉城市圈为主研究区，从形态、结构、功能等视角实证揭示了城乡路网系统的空间复杂性规律：（1）城乡路网系统是一开放而复杂的巨系统，具有自相似性、小世界性、无标度性和自组织性等某一或某些复杂性特征；（2）城乡路网系统形态的复杂性突出表现为整个城乡道路网以非整数维充填和渗渝空间，呈现局部－整体的自相似性和自仿射性特征；（3）城乡路网系统结构的复杂性源于其构成要素的相互作用和耦合的非线性，这种结构的关联作用可以通过图论抽象成网，表现为一张微观杂乱纷陈、宏观井然有序的自组织网络；（4）城乡路网系统功能的复杂性主要通过通达性的层次性分异和层次性的通达性效应共同载现。其中，层次性涉及系统功能组织的复杂性，而通达性则是系统功能效应的空间展现，是系统内在的等级层次性机制长时间作用的结果，往往表现出宏观时空尺度上的分异性。