基于多功能石墨烯量子点的无酶催化荧光传感器的制备和应用

Graphene quantum dots, which exhibit many intriguing and distinctive natures, have become a research hotspot and shown promising applications in many fields. This program will build enzymes-free catalytic fluorescent sensors by using versatile graphene quantum dots which possess highly-efficient peroxidase-like catalytic activity, excellent photoluminescence and better surface grafting. The aim of the project is to realize simple, green, sensitive and specific analysis of biomolecules (such as adrenaline) and environmental pollutant (such as hydroquinone). In the project, we will try to integrate the molecular recognition of the sensor and its sense amplifier into the same site, that is, integrate catalyst, fluorescent probe and molecular self-assemblies platform into graphene quantum dots. In this way, not only the constitute elements of the sensor can be greatly simplified, but also the distend between catalysis and fluorescent probes can be shorten and the sensitivity of seasoning system can be enhanced. While graphene quantum dots instead of the natural enzymes, the sensor can overcome the disadvantages caused by the nature enzyme (such as easy deactivation, high cost and difficult storage). The program may provide a new approach to design a new compound optical sensing platform, and will help to broaden the GQDs’ application in the analytical detecting field.

石墨烯量子点以其丰富而新奇的性质成为备受瞩目的研究热点，在诸多领域具有巨大的应用价值。本项目拟利用石墨烯量子点卓越的过氧化物催化活性、优良的光致发光性质和强的分子组装能力，以生物分子（如肾上腺素等）和环境污染物（如对苯二酚等）为分析目标，构建简单、绿色、灵敏、专一的无酶催化荧光传感器；我们尝试将传感体系的目标分子识别功能和信号放大读出融为一体，即将催化剂、荧光探针和分子组装平台都集成到石墨烯量子点上，从而简化传感体系的构成元素，拉近催化剂和荧光探针的距离，提高传感体系的灵敏度；同时以石墨烯量子点代替传统的酶，可克服因酶带来的缺点（如易失活、高费用和难储存等）。本研究有望拓宽石墨烯量子点在分析检测领域的应用，也为研制新型光学传感器提供新的研究思路和方法。

本项目采用高温裂解法合成了石墨烯量子点；利用石墨烯量子点卓越的过氧化物模拟酶催化活性、优良的光致发光性质和强的分子组装能力，构建了新型高灵敏度、高选择性的检测对苯二酚、儿茶酚等物质的无酶荧光传感器；该类传感器将将传感体系的催化剂、荧光探针和分子组装平台都集成到石墨烯量子点上，这种设计不仅简化了传感体系的构成元素，而且拉近了催化剂和荧光探针的距离，有效地提高了传感体系的灵敏度和选择性，同时还避免使用生物酶而带来的问题。本研究成果为研制新型光学传感器提供一种可行的研究思路。在本项目的资助下，我们还进行了一些探索性研究，例如氯化血红素/G-四链体DNA过氧化物模拟酶在免疫传感器的应用、功能化聚合物纳米粒子的一步法制备和应用等。