基于生物可利用机制的沉积物中拟雄激素活性物质鉴别研究

Androgenic compounds are widespread in the environment especially in sediments. They have posed great threat to the aquatic systems including fish virilization. However,little in-deep research has focused on the primary toxicants identification. It is quite necessary to extract the bioavailable androgenic compounds in sediments and further identify the responsible compounds. The three objectives of this study are to: 1) Study the desorption process of androgenic compounds from sediments. Build analytic dynamics model to reveal the bioavailability of androgenic compounds. Choose available bionic-extraction materials that follows the bioavailability mechanisms based on incomplete extraction and in vitro digestive fluid extraction. Establish the methods of bionic-extraction to simulate real exposure conditions. 2) Establish practical methods for identification of toxicants in sediments by integrating fractionations, toxicity testing and qualitative analysis. 3) Based on the previous study, the established methods will be further used for the identification of androgenic compounds in northern Taihu Lake. Pollution characteristics and spatial distribution of the responsible androgenic compounds in this region will be elucidated. This study will provide decision-making support for the pollution control of environmental androgens.

拟雄激素活性物质广泛存在于各种环境介质特别是沉积物中，导致了雌鱼雄性化等生态问题的产生，然而目前缺乏拟雄激素活性物质的系统研究，关键毒物结构和种类不明确。围绕如何真实萃取沉积物中可生物利用的拟雄激素活性物质，并进行毒物鉴别的技术需求，本项目拟利用助解析材料，研究代表性拟雄激素活性物质在沉积物中的解析释放过程，揭示其对生物可利用性的影响；在此基础上，针对表皮交换作用与摄食作用，研究筛选符合生物可利用机制的仿生萃取材料，建立仿生萃取技术，以模拟真实暴露情况；并进一步通过分级分离、受体报告基因测试、目标与非目标物鉴别相联合的手段，建立起适用于沉积物拟雄激素活性物质鉴别的技术方法。在前期研究的基础上，进一步将该技术应用于太湖北部湖区，鉴别沉积物中的关键拟雄激素活性物质，阐明其污染特征及分布差异，为区域环境雄激素污染控制提供技术支撑。

本项目针对现有沉积物采集、毒性评估、毒物鉴别过程中存在的突出问题，建立了沉积物拟雄激素活性评价及毒物鉴别技术方法。发明了沉积物中生物可利用物质的原位萃取装置，该装置实现了沉积物中生物可利用雄激素物质的大体积原位富集，优于现有PE与POM平衡被动采样方法；建立了拟雄激素活性物质层级鉴别法，形成了基于目标毒物，可疑毒物与非目标毒物的活性物质鉴别新方法，针对非目标物质确立了质谱识别、色谱识别与毒性识别模型；在太湖典型区域开展了拟雄激素活性评估及毒物鉴别应用，识别出竺山湾与西太湖为拟雄激素物质的主要来源，主要由畜禽养殖和化工行业影响，致毒物质包括甾体激素与化工产品，毒性确认的结果表明毒物鉴别结果可信，上述物质值得关注。项目方法学研究成果可为重点化学品污染控制、激素类优先控制污染物筛查和生态环境风险管理等提供重要的技术支撑。