纤维素基聚合物电解质的静电纺丝制备及其电化学性能研究

Catastrophic thermal failures generally related to organic liquid electrolytes and polyolefin microporous separators are crucial issues to be solved in energy storage devices like lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries and supercapacitors. The quest for safer and more reliable electrolyte systems is therefore urgent. Polymer electrolytes (PEs)，including solid polymer electrolyts (SPEs) and gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), are promising candidates in these regards. If PEs can replace the organic liquid electrolyte, not only safety will be greatly improved but also other advantages such as no liquid leakage and long cycling life will be achieved. However, the sources of polymer matrices as the PEs are mainly dependent on the ever-decreasing fossil oil, and most of them are not biodegradable leading to severe environmental pollution. Renewable and biocompatible natural macromolecule materials are highly required as alternative hosts of PEs. In this project, electrospun cellulose-based polymer electrolytes are prepared for some energy storage devices. After optimizing the electrospinning method and structure composition, some cellulose-based polymer electrolytes with good performance such as good mechanical strength, superior thermostability, good electrochemical performance, good interface stability with electrode materials, and possessing potential applications in lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries and supercapacitors and so on will be explored.

有机液体电解质和聚烯烃微孔膜本身性质缺陷导致的灾难性热事故一直是储能器件需要解决的关键问题。聚合物电解质替代有机液体电解质和聚烯烃微孔膜，可使锂离子电池等储能器件的可靠性大幅提高。目前在研及商业应用的聚合物电解质的原材料都是石化产品，价格较高，使用后不能生物降解，极易造成环境污染。在化石能源日渐枯竭和地球环境日渐恶化的背景下，寻找具有再生性和生物相容性的天然高分子材料替代二次电池/超级电容器系统中的石油衍生材料一直是研究热点。本项目采用静电纺丝法制备纤维素基聚合物电解质，通过纺丝方法优化及结构复合改性，以期获得力学性能好，热力学稳定，电化学性能优良，与电极材料界面稳定，在锂二次电池、钠二次电池及超级电容器等储能器件具有应用前景的电解质材料。

有机液体电解质和聚烯烃微孔膜本身性质缺陷导致的灾难性热事故一直是储能器件需要解决的关键问题。聚合物电解质替代有机液体电解质和聚烯烃微孔膜，可使锂离子电池等储能器件的可靠性大幅提高。目前在研及商业应用的聚合物电解质的原材料都是石化产品，价格较高，使用后不能生物降解，极易造成环境污染。在化石能源日渐枯竭和地球环境日渐恶化的背景下，寻找具有再生性和生物相容性的天然高分子材料替代二次电池/超级电容器系统中的石油衍生材料一直是研究热点。本研究采用静电纺丝、浇铸法、冷冻干燥等技术制备纤维素基聚合物电解质，通过制备方法优化及结构复合改性，获得了能与锂二次电池、钠二次电池及水系锌二次电池等储能器件电极材料匹配的电解质材料。所得的纤维素基聚合物电解质离子导电率高达4.2×10-3 S cm-1，离子迁移系数0.71，电化学稳定窗口4.8 V；在120 oC液体电解质的保持率79.9%；机械强度39.5 MPa；通过本项目的支持，发表SCI论文14篇；申请发明专利4项，含发明专利3项，实用新型专利1项；参加国内/国际学术会议15人次，做墙报展示1次，邀请报告7次；邀请3人次的国外专家访问我校并进行学术交流；培养硕士研究生4名。