大型机场场面资源协同调度决策理论与应用研究

With the complexity in the allocation of airport surface resources in the large-scale airports, the research is aimed to study the influencing elements of the key systems in the allocation of airport surface resources and the extent to which these elements influences the allocation of airport surface resources, and to explore the interrelations and interactions between the runaway subsystem of airport surface resources, the taxiway subsystem and the gate subsystem. For the process of the airplanes coming in and going out of the airports continually, the three models are established, which are runaway system united scheduling model, taxiway system united scheduling model, gate sysytem united scheduling model. On the basis of these models, the airport surface resource co-scheduling model is put forward. In addition, through the investigation of the optimizing cooperation scheduling between the subsystems, the research presents the approaches to put the airport surface resources into effective use. Because of the indeterminacy in the allocation of airport surface resources, the research gives a detailed analysis of the influence on cooperation scheduling by the unexpected events and random events in order to achieve better risk control in scheduling airport surface resources. The results obtained will be applied in the airport surface resources scheduling in the large-scale airports to prove their effectiveness. The research is of great importance to enrich the theories and approaches in the management of airport surface resources and improve the efficiency in the allocation of airport surface resources.

针对大型机场场面资源运行的复杂特性，提炼场面资源运行的系统性影响因素，分析关键系统影响因素对机场场面资源运行的影响程度和影响范围，研究场面资源跑道子系统、滑行路径子系统和停机位子系统的内在关联和相互作用机理。针对航班进场和离场的连续运行过程，分别建立跑道系统联合调度模型、滑行道系统联合调度模型和停机位系统联合调度模型，进一步建立场面资源协同调度模型，研究对机场资源各子系统的协同优化调度，提出提高机场场面资源利用效率的途径和方法。针对大型机场场面资源运行的不确定性，研究突发事件和随机事件对场面资源协同调度的影响，实现对机场场面资源调度的风险控制。通过在大型机场场面资源调度中的应用，验证方法的有效性。本项目对于丰富和发展大型机场场面资源管理理论和方法，提高场面资源运行效率具有重要意义。

本项目分析影响机场场面资源运行的关键因素，探讨场面资源系统之间的内在关联和相互作用机理，并以此为基础进行了基于航空器进离场的场面资源子系统联合调度研究，建立了基于航空器进离场的跑道联合调度的多目标多约束模型、滑行路径联合优化的单目标多约束模型、停机位联合调度的多目标多约束模型，并以场面资源系统实际运行数据为例，采用改进遗传算法和计算机仿真相结合，验证跑道联合调度模型和停机位联合调度模型；同时，采用多学科设计优化理论，建立基于一致性约束的航空器进离场的场面资源系统总体协同调度模型并进行仿真验证，从而进一步揭示大型机场场面资源协同运行的内在规律。枢纽机场滑行优化结果表明了模型的可靠性，同时改进后的遗传算法具有很高的求解效率；调度方案与经验方法相比，整体航班的滑行耗时减少了15.25%，大大降低滑行成本；在停机位指派方面的优化模型可以有效缩短旅客平均步行距离，提高航班靠桥率，均衡各航空公司旅客服务质量，提升机场和航空公司整体的旅客服务水平，为机场实际分配停机位提供参考；在跑道调度方面，仿真结果与FCFS相比较，延误成本降低45.07%，延误时间降低37.90%，同时保证了各个航空公司的公平性，降低管制员工作负荷；在场面资源协同调度的仿真结果表明，无论从资源的使用效率、航空公司的公平性、管制员的工作负荷等各个方面都有较大的提高。本项目从从理论上深入探究机场场面资源系统，即跑道系统、滑行道系统和停机位系统运行的内在作用机理，从航空器连续运行角度探索场面资源调度的作用机理，实现从更深层次上揭示场面资源系统运行规律。同时，从系统工程高度出发，将大型机场场面资源系统的调度有机结合起来，能更加准确地反应出机场场面资源运行的客观实际，为进一步深入开展相关研究奠定理论基础，有利于提高机场场面资源管理的决策水平。