基于仿生微胶囊结构的水润滑尾轴承及其摩擦磨损机理研究

As one important supporting component of the ship propulsion system, The water-lubricated stern bearing has great effects on shipping navigation, security, covert, economic and so on. This proposal takes lignum vitae that traditional material of water-lubricated bearing to analyze the self-lubricating implementation mechanism. According to above analysis, the grease secretion principle of lignum vitae will be simulated to study the ship water-lubricated stern bearing. Polymeric material with the bionic microcapsule self-lubricating structure will be designed and prepared. The material characteristics and frictional-wear properties of designed material will be analyzed to optimize the design of material and structural form. Then, microcapsule polymer material with excellent self-lubricating performance will be obtained and applied to the water-lubricated stern bearing of ship. The simulation tests of the new designed water-lubricated stern bearing under the typical harsh working condition will be realized through the special test rig of water-lubricated stern bearing. The frictional-wear performance and mechanism of the tern bearing with bionic microcapsule self-lubricating structure will be investigated through comparatively analyzing the test data under different working conditions. It is believed that the knowledge gained in this study will provide the basis for tribology design, performance evaluation and reasonable maintenance of water-lubricated stern bearing in ship.

水润滑尾轴承是舰船推进系统的重要支撑部件，其性能的优劣对舰船航行的快速性、安全性、隐蔽性、经济性等有着重要的影响。本项目在分析传统水润滑轴承材料铁梨木独特的自润滑实现机制的基础上，将铁梨木的油酯分泌原理仿生到舰船水润滑尾轴承研究中，研制具有仿生微胶囊自润滑结构的高聚物材料，分析仿生研制的材料特性和摩擦磨损性能，优化材料和结构形式设计，获取自润滑性能优异的舰船水润滑尾轴承用微胶囊高聚物材料；在专用的水润滑尾轴承试验台上，开展典型苛刻工况下的新型水润滑尾轴承模拟试验，对比分析不同工况条件下的尾轴承试验数据，揭示仿生微胶囊自润滑结构尾轴承的摩擦磨损规律和机理，旨在为舰船水润滑尾轴承的摩擦学设计、性能评价以及合理维护提供依据。

水润滑尾轴承在低速重载的工况下常出现严重磨损的情况. 为降低润滑不良造成的尾轴承磨损，本项目以铁犁木为研究对象，分析其浸水后粘液的分泌机理和表面微结构的特征。将铁犁木的油酯分泌原理仿生到舰船水润滑尾轴承研究中，研制具有仿生微胶囊自润滑结构的高聚物材料，以高密度聚乙烯为基体材料，含仿生微胶囊为添加剂，采用共混的方式加工成型；使用CBZ-1船舶轴系摩擦磨损试验机研究了仿生微胶囊复合材料在不同试验工况下的摩擦性能；通过分析复合材料的摩擦系数、磨损量和表面形貌参数等，得出复合材料的磨损机理。将铁犁木浸水呈现的表面纹理结构仿生到舰船水润滑轴承的表面结构设计中，在专用的水润滑尾轴承试验台上，开展典型苛刻工况下不同表面纹理结构的模拟试验，对比分析不同工况条件下的试验数据，揭示表面纹理结构对摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响机理。另外，水润滑尾轴承摩擦磨损性能是影响舰船工作性能的主要因素之一，将摩擦系数、磨损量等试验数据、模糊综合评价方法与试验的具体工况相结合构建综合评价模型，通过模糊综合评价方法计算出模型中各评价指标的权重，得出不同材料的摩擦学性能综合评价指数。旨在为舰船水润滑尾轴承的摩擦学设计、性能评价以及合理维护提供依据。