仿生硅藻典型壳壁结构的水润滑轴承摩擦学性能研究

The diatom is a kind of numerous plankton with an extremely wide range in nature, through whose special pore struture the diatom has a good environmental adaptability. It has been found that a special multi-level pore structure of the diatom's shell has high elasticity and toughness and excellent tribological properties. To overcome the inadequate load-carrying capacity, strong vibration and intense noise, unsafety, and low reliability and efficiency for water-lubricated bearings used in water craft propulsion systems, the investigation of tribological performances of a water-lubricated bearing with the special two-level pore structure of diatom shell is carried out,based on accumulated research and application of this kind of bearing by the State Key Laboratory of Mechincal Transmissions. By using bionic design of the inner surface of the bearing with the two-level pore structure, the tribological models including the effect of the pore struture are formulated first. Then,the tribological performances incorporating the pore struture are investigated with numerical method and experiments. In doing so, influences of the shape, geometry sizes and distributions of the pore struture on the bearing's tribological performance are investigated numerically, along with experimental verification, these performances including the load-carrying capacity, friction and wear, stress, thermal deformation, noise, cavitation and so on. Further its influence rules are revealed, through which a new research means is desired to improve the performances of a water-lubricated bearing used in water craft propulsion systems, reduce its noise, prolong its life, and to avoid its common faults.

硅藻是自然界中一类分布极其广泛的浮游生物。经研究发现，硅藻壳壁特殊的多级孔洞结构，具有极高的弹性、韧性和优良的摩擦学等性能，这使硅藻具有良好的环境适应能力。为攻克我国水中航行器推进系统中水润滑轴承迫切需要解决的承载力不足、减振、降噪、安全、可靠和高效等关键难题，在集成机械传动国家重点实验室在水润滑轴承研究和应用方面多年技术积累的基础上，利用关于硅藻结构最新的研究成果，把硅藻壳壁典型二级孔结构引入到水润滑轴承的摩擦学研究中，从而实现水润滑轴承内表面的仿生设计。通过建立包含仿生硅藻壳壁典型二级孔结构的摩擦学模型，借助数值和实验等手段，研究孔洞形状、几何尺寸、分布规律等特性对水润滑轴承的承载力、摩擦磨损、应力、热变形、噪音、气蚀等影响，并揭示出一般影响规律，从而确定最佳的仿生孔洞结构，为提高我国水中航行器使用的水润滑轴承的摩擦学性能，降低其噪音，避免其常见失效现象的发生提供新的研究手段。

为攻克我国水中航行器推进系统中水润滑轴承迫切需要解决的承载力不足、减振、降噪、安全、可靠和高效等关键难题，把硅藻壳壁典型二级孔结构引入到水润滑轴承的摩擦学研究中，从而实现水润滑轴承内表面的仿生设计。通过建立包含仿生硅藻壳壁典型二级孔结构的摩擦学模型，借助数值和实验等手段，研究了孔洞形状、几何尺寸、分布规律等特性对水润滑轴承的承载力、摩擦磨损、应力、热变形、噪音、气蚀等影响。数值和实验结果表明，相对光滑轴承而言，仿生硅藻壳壁典型二级孔结构比传统的单层表面织构更能提高轴承润滑剂的承载力，降低其摩擦系数，同时也能降低轴承的噪音。而且上述影响与孔状结构的尺寸、位置和分布规律密切相关。上述研究为水润滑轴承性能改进和寿命提升提供了新的手段。. 上述研究成果 发表论文共17篇，其中SCI论文13篇、EI论文1篇; 授权软件著作权1项；申请了相关发明专利6项，授权5项, 其中有一项发明专利为科研仪器设备。本项目培养了研究生13人，毕业7人。参加了相关的国内外会议6次，1名博士生赴美进行学术交流1次；组织了硅藻学术研讨会3次。