引水工程中输水明渠附着有害蓝藻的生态学与控制策略研究--以引滦入津为例

Scarcity in water resources and lack of water are one of the most serious problems in many regions of the world. More Water Diversion Projects (WDPS) will be built along the economic development and increasing water requirement in China, and establishing and maintaining the water security system along the projects is an important and hard task. Massive growth of harmful cyanobacteria affects the drinking water safety and human health. During past decades more studies on cyanobacterial blooms have been performed, but benthic harmful cyanobacteria in open canals of the Water Diversion Projects have been hardly concerned. The present project will study benthic harmful cyanobacteria in open canals of Luanhe River diversion into Tianjin, as the example representing the Water Diversion Projects, and we will try to understand the biological mechanism on settlement, dominance and extension of benthic cyanobacteria in the canals by field survey and lab experiments on cyanobacterial growth and growth control, and harmful effects of these benthic cyanobacteria will be evaluated by molecular biological and chemical detections. The association of the benthic harmful cyanoabcteria with environmental factors will also be examined. The results of the present study will expect to provide novel indicative and warning organisms for water security and water quality ensuring system, and therefore present new and key scientific data and information supporting healthy and safe water ecosystems.

水资源匮乏和缺水是世界许多地区所面临的重大问题之一。引水工程在我国将随着经济的发展和用水量需求的增大而不断增加, 建立和维护引水工程的全线的安全保障系统是一个非常重要和艰巨的任务。有害蓝藻的大量生长会直接影响居民的饮水的安全性和人民身体健康安全。过去的年代对蓝藻水华的关注很多，但是对输水明渠的附着有害蓝藻关注很少。本项目将以引滦入津的输水明渠的附着有害蓝藻为主要研究对象，结合野外生态学调查和实验室生长培养和控制的研究，通过分子生物学和化学检测，全面了解附着有害蓝藻在引水工程中明渠的定居，优势以及扩展机制以及明渠中附着蓝藻的有害性评价，以及附着有害蓝藻的生长和环境因子的关系。此研究也是对水利工程中的水生态安全和水质保障系统提供新的指示生物和预警生物指标，为发展健康安全的水利生态提供新的关键科技数据和情报。

为解决水资源匮乏和缺水的重大问题，我国修建了很多引水工程。随着引水工程的运行，藻源性污染成为了影响引水水质安全的不利因素。这些有害蓝藻的滋生和有害产物释放会直接影响居民的饮水的安全性和人民身体健康安全。本研究以天津引滦入津明渠、赣抚明渠和柘林明渠为研究对象，研究北方和南方的输水明渠中附着有害蓝藻的多样性和生理特性及有害代产物特征、藻类优势种形成和建群过程。结果表明，南北方明渠附着蓝藻均具有较高的多样性，组成以泽丝藻、席藻、细鞘丝藻和假鱼腥藻等丝状蓝藻为主。水环境参数的细微差异是引起藻类群落组成略微差异的主要因素。附着藻类的生长和建群受到明渠环境中营养盐的驱动。水动力也是主要的驱动因素。还提出了“源头水库藻源控制和明渠附着藻类机械去除技术”的大型输水工程明渠中附着有害蓝藻的生长控制策略，并得到地方的应用实施，获得了很好的生态效应和经济效益，为类似的输水工程中有害藻类防治提供技术范例。