新型非离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成及应用

Micellar catalysis in water can play an important contributing role in green chemistry. The main task of the project is to design and synthesis of novel nonionic Gemini surfactant PEG-Vitamin E-A, B and C. This surfactant can be simply and efficiently prepared in two steps using lipophilic natural products Vitamin E, hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the corresponding anhydride, in which the materials exhibit several features, such as non-toxic, cheap and readily available, easily degradable and environmentally friendly. Upon dissolution in water, the amphiphilic surfactant under the condition of low concentration can be spontaneously aggregated to form nanomicelles that serve as green nanoreactors for the reactions of organic compounds. Meanwhile， it can function as far more than an alternative, albeit green, solvent for a desired reaction; rather, it offers an opportunity to enhance the binding between a charged catalyst and its counterion, especially in such a characteristically nonpolar environment. And we are also exploring the application of nonionic Gemini surfactant in gold-catalyzed alkynyl-involved aqueous reactions, as well as the role and influence of the surfactant in the realization of the gold-catalyzed aqueous conversions. Moreover, the further investigation of the scope of the gold catalytic reaction in micellar system, thereby, developing an efficient green catalytic system, and providing a cleaner, greener idea and method for gold-catalyzed reactions as well.

胶束催化在绿色化学中起重要作用，本项目主要通过设计合成一种新型的非离子Gemini表面活性剂PEG-Vitamin E-A, B和C，该类表面活性剂由亲脂的天然产物Vitamin E，亲水的聚乙二醇（PEG）以及相应的酸酐通过两步反应简洁高效的合成，反应原料具有无毒，廉价易得，易降解，环境友好等特征。此双亲性表面活性剂溶解在水中，低浓度条件下可自发聚合形成胶束，可作为一种绿色纳米反应器供有机化合物反应。并且它的作用不仅仅只是在反应体系以绿色溶剂替代传统溶剂，特别是在这种极性溶剂中，它还可以增强带电催化剂与周围的抗衡离子之间的结合。同时，探索非离子Gemini表面活性剂在金催化炔基参与的水相反应当中的应用，研究该类表面活性剂在实现水相金催化转化中起到的作用及影响，并进一步考察该胶束体系在金催化反应类型中的适用范围，从而发展一种高效绿色的催化体系，为金催化反应提供更洁净、绿色环保的思路和方法。

本项目的研究工作围绕新型非离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成构建及应用展开。成功构建了PEG-Vitamin E-A, B和C三种类型的表面活性剂，并应用到水相NIS介导的2-酰基呋喃衍生物的合成过程中。并尝试了Gemini表面活性剂在金催化的吡喃环合成构建反应中的应用，效果不明显，项目负责人按照实际研究结果发现，发展了金催化的串联环化/氧化多样性的构建了五种类型的吡喃环骨架化合物，并探讨了反应的适用范围、深入研究了反应条件和反应机理，取得了一定的研究成果。