夏热冬冷地区通风式双层皮幕墙系统适应性理论与实验研究

Double skin facade (DSF) is used well in cold zone due to its good architectural appearance, good indoor visual effect, good thermal comfort and energy-efficiency for cold zone. However, it thermal performance is not well understood; a complete theoretical and experimental investigation has not carried out to explore its applicability in hot-summer and cold-winter (HSCW) zone. In this proposal, integrated with the climate feature of HSCW zone in China, the theoretical and experimental investigation is to be performed for the applicability of ventilated DSF in HSCW zone. A theoretical model, numerical methodology as well as experiment technology are to be established for analyzing the thermal performance of ventilated DSF in HSCW zone. The optics model of DSF with shading is to be modeled through employing the energy conservation relationship in multi-layer transparent system and the equivalent absorptivity and transmittance of multi-layer semi-transparent system. A multi-zone control volume model is to be built by coupling the heat transfer and air flow in DSF through power law model and mass and energy conservation law for simplifying the model and decreasing numerical computation. An experiment and test platform is to be setup under real climate condition of HSCW zone to verify the model, numerical method as well as the applicability of ventilated DSF in HSCW zone. Based on the verified model and numerical method, the structure parameters and operating control modes of ventilated DSF in HSCW zone is to be analyzed and optimized by simulation. The theoretical guide to reasonably apply ventilated DSF in HSCW zone and reasonably operate and control DSF's ventilating and shading modes is to be proposed through this investigation.

双层皮幕墙(DSF)因其良好的建筑外观、室内视觉效果及在寒冷地区热舒适性与节能效果而较多应用于寒冷地区。但其热性能并未被很好地理解，尚未有完整的理论和实验研究来探索其在夏热冬冷地区的适用性。本项目结合我国夏热冬冷地区的气候特点，开展通风式DSF系统的适用性理论与实验研究，建立分析夏热冬冷地区通风式DSF性能的理论模型、数值分析和实验方法。应用多层透过体系能量平衡关系和多层半透明体系等效吸收率和透过率，建立带遮阳DSF的光学模型。将DSF划分成多层结构，建立多区控制体模型，由幂定律模型、质量和能量守恒定律将幕墙中的传热与流动过程耦合起来，简化模型，减少计算量。在夏热冬冷地区建造实际气候下的实验台，验证模型和数值方法，检验DSF在夏热冬冷地区的适用性。模拟分析和优化通风式DSF在夏热冬冷地区的结构参数和运行控制模式，为在夏热冬冷地区合理使用通风式DSF及合理运行控制通风遮阳模式提供理论指导。

双层皮玻璃幕墙因美丽的外观效果，卓越的采光通透性、隔声性，以及与自然亲近的良好心里感觉等诸多传统围护结构所不具备的优点而备受建筑师们的青睐。然而，双层皮玻璃幕墙传热过程复杂，建筑师们不了解其热工性能和能耗情况，尤其在我国夏热冬冷地区。本项目分别建立了不带百叶的自然通风双层皮玻璃幕墙、带百叶的自然通风双层皮玻璃幕墙以及机械通风双层皮玻璃幕墙的动态模拟模型，对其热性能进行了模拟，并对双层皮玻璃幕墙系统的全年能耗进行了模拟。.对照射到幕墙玻璃表面的太阳辐射进行了直射和散射辐射的分离，通过净辐射方法建立各玻璃层(或百叶层)的能量平衡方程。提出了百叶的混合光学模型，引入耀度的概念，同时考虑百叶的散射特性和镜面反射特性。通过实验验证表明，提出的混合模型更接近实验结果，能满足工程精度的要求。.采用改进的区域模型建立各控制区域的能量平衡方程。同时，采用气流网络方法和伯努利方程建立空腔气流模型，对不带遮阳百叶的自然通风双层皮玻璃幕墙进行了动态建模。同样，对带遮阳百叶的自然通风双层皮玻璃幕墙进行了动态建模。通过改进的区域方法建立各区域能量平衡方程，空腔气流则根据自然通风原理和气流的二次方定律并充分考虑交叉气流对传热的影响建立空腔气流模型。结合双层皮玻璃幕墙机械通风的规律，综合考虑了通风空腔内热压和风压的双重作用以及由于横向交叉气流流动带来的区域能量变化，提出了机械通风双层皮玻璃幕墙改进的区域模型。建立了实际气候条件下的实验测试平台，对模型的数值模拟结果进行了实验验证。.基于提出的双层皮玻璃幕墙动态模拟模型方法对夏热冬冷地区几个典型城市最为常用的六种不同围护结构进行了全年能耗模拟比较。结果表明，双层皮玻璃幕墙具有节能潜力。采用本项目提出的动态模型和模拟方法对双层皮玻璃幕墙进行模拟计算较为简单、计算速度较快。在全年能耗模拟方面，本法的计算时间短，节省了大量计算资源。