Ischemic stroke is a heterogeneous entity. Atherothrombotic cerebral infarction (ACI) is the main subtype of ischemic stroke. However, the current stroke models, including middle cerebral arteray occlusion and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat model, do not form atherothrombosis at all. To develop novel stroke models with better clinical validity is most important for the stroke translational research. As such, we, for the first time in the world, developed low density lipoprotein receptor knock out Sprague-Dawley rats, which showed prominent hypercholesterolemia (HCH). If we use two-kidney two clip (2K2C) method to induce hypertension in these rats, some of them could have spontaneous stroke attack. We call these stroke rats as 2K2C-HCH rats. We aim to further modify the experimental methods to increase the stroke incidence, to decrease the stroke latency, and to make the stroke attack unified, therby testifying 2K2C-HCH rats can be used as spontaneous ACI model. Moreover, we aim to examine the influences of intrinsic factors (age, sex, comorbidity) and extrinsic factors (diet, induced stroke models, prevention and treatment strategies) on the 2K2C-HCH rats. In conclusion, this project is to testify the utility of 2K2C-HCH rats as spontaneous ACI model, and to pave the way for the future studies on the stroke pathophysiologic mechanisms and treatments.
脑梗死病因机制多样,动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(ACI)是其中一种主要类型。但是,目前的脑缺血模型,无论是大脑中动脉阻塞模型,或是自发性易卒中型高血压大鼠模型,均与ACI的发病机制相去甚远。开发更贴近临床实际、更具临床预测价值的脑缺血动物模型是卒中转化医学的基石性工作。为构建ACI模型,我们首次开发出低密度脂蛋白受体敲除大鼠,发现其具有明显的高胆固醇血症(HCH),若辅以双肾双夹(2K2C)法诱导高血压,则能发生自发性脑缺血。我们将这一模型命名为2K2C-HCH,并拟进一步优化实验方法,提高卒中发生率,缩短卒中潜伏期,固化卒中模式,论证2K2C-HCH是一种贴近人体ACI发病机制的脑缺血模型,明确各种内源性因素(年龄、性别、共病)和外源性因素(饮食、诱导性缺血干预、预防治疗策略)对2K2C-HCH大鼠的影响,确证其作为卒中研究平台的效用,为研究卒中的病理生理机制和预防治疗策略提供必要的基础。
脑梗死病因机制多样,动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(ACI)是其中一种主要类型。但是,目前的脑缺血模型,无论是大脑中动脉阻塞模型,或是自发性易卒中型高血压大鼠模型,均与 ACI 的发病机制相去甚远。开发更贴近临床实际、更具临床预测价值的脑缺血动物模型是卒中转化医学的基石性工作。为构建 ACI 模型,我们首次开发出低密度脂蛋白受体敲除大鼠,发现其具有明显的高胆固醇血症(HCH),我们还发现HCH大鼠具有自发性脑缺血改变,主要体现在脑白质区域的轴索损伤和脱髓鞘改变。此外,HCH大鼠胼胝体还存在少突胶质细胞数量明显减少,星形胶质细胞及小胶质细胞大量激活。我们进一步将HCH大鼠再辅以颈动脉逐渐狭窄(GCAS)干预,则能发生更加明显的自发性脑缺血。用7T小动物磁共振测量脑血流信号、颅内梗塞灶及脑白质解剖连通性,我们发现HCH-GCAS大鼠的脑血流量下降至正常大鼠的7.4%,其胼胝体区神经纤维不仅连通性受损,且神经纤维束的数量明显减少。HCH-GCAS大鼠的空间记忆能力也明显受损。而且,随着年龄的增长,这些脑缺血改变越来越严重。我们进一步在基因层面研究HCH大鼠的神经细胞变化。我们发现,Ldlr-/-少突胶质细胞成熟及髓鞘化能力明显受损,提示LDLR基因本身就可以引起神经细胞的功能异常。HCH小鼠在中枢神经系统局部给予LDLR慢病毒转染,可以逆转自发性脑缺血改变,明显改善胼胝体髓鞘化纤维比例,显著增加髓鞘厚度,提高髓鞘相关蛋白MBP和CNPase的表达。综上,本课题确证了HCH-GCAS大鼠可以产生明确的脑缺血改变,这种改变可能与中枢内少突胶质细胞内的LDLR变化以及下游的髓鞘相关发育相关信号通路有关。HCH-GCAS大鼠可以作为卒中研究平台进行一系列脑小血管病的预防、治疗研究。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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