大断面掘进装备极端工况下的电液系统载荷顺应性研究

Nowadays, there is a heavy demand for the large tunneling equipment in infrastructure construction, resource exploitation and national defense fields of China. Considering the complicated geological strata penetrated by the tunneling machine and the randomly changed loads exerted on the electrohydraulic systems, the principle and design method of load compliance of electrohydraulic system of large tunneling equipment under the extreme operating conditions was investigated based on the previous research on hydraulic compliance. Generation and transmission of hydraulic impact in the electrohydraulic systems of large equipment due to sudden external loads were presented. Consequently, the hydraulic-mechanical coupling dynamic model and the impact pressure domain were proposed. Hydraulic operated principle for electrohydraulic system of great power under changing load was analyzed, and the mechanism directly operated by hydraulic overload pressure was developed for the electrohydraulic systems of large tunneling equipment. The evaluation system of load compliance of the electrohydraulic systems was established, and the influences of the structural and working parameters on system compliance were revealed. Combining numerical analysis with experimental verification, the compliance based design and optimization method of the electrohydraulic system parameters was finally put forward. it is expected that the research achievements will not only be essential to improve the design methodology of electrohydraulic systems for large tunneling machines, but also very significant to support theoretically and technically to equipment manufacturing industry in China.

大断面掘进装备是国家基础设施建设、资源开发和国防建设急需的重大战略性装备。项目针对大断面掘进装备穿越地质复杂、电液系统易遭受随机突变大载荷等特点，在前期液压系统顺应性理论研究的基础上研究该类装备极端掘进工况下的电液系统突变载荷顺应性原理及设计方法。探索大断面掘进装备电液系统在突变外载荷作用下的液压冲击产生机理和传递规律，建立机液耦合动态分析模型，提出冲击载荷域描述方法；研究载荷突变工况下大功率电液系统液控自适应原理，研制超载液压力直接驱动的大断面掘进装备电液系统液控动力调节机构；建立电液系统突变载荷顺应性评价体系，揭示电液系统特征和状态参数对突变载荷顺应性的影响规律，在数值分析和实验验证基础上，提出基于顺应性的电液系统参数设计和优化方法。预期成果不仅有利于完善大断面掘进装备电液系统设计理论体系，而且为我国重大装备自主创新能力的提升提供理论和技术支撑，具有重要科学研究意义和工程应用价值。

项目针对大断面掘进装备穿越地质复杂、电液系统易遭受随机突变大载荷的工况特点，在前期研究的基础上从载荷产生、传递与抑制三个方面研究了该类装备极端掘进工况下的电液系统突变载荷顺应性原理及设计方法。通过分析电液系统突变载荷动态响应机理、设计突变载荷快速响应液控调节装置、提出动态评价指标并优化系统突变载荷顺应性，对推进电液系统突变载荷响应特性进行深入研究，形成了液压系统压力快速响应分析方法，从而提升了系统对外界突变载荷快速响应和冲击抑制的能力。开展了盾构推进电液系统突变载荷动态建模和数值仿真，进行了管道弹性、液体惯性和压缩性对电液系统稳定性及快速响应性的作用规律研究。基于赫兹碰撞理论分析了推进液压缸突变载荷压力冲击产生机理，并采用冲击液控原理设计了突变载荷压力冲击能量吸收装置和超载液压力直接驱动的盾构掘进装备电液系统液控动力调节机构，通过典型掘进工况下的动态仿真分析研究了盾构推进电液系统突变载荷动态响应特性的评价方法和指标。基于突变载荷顺应性对采用不同元件及布局型式的推进液压系统设计方法和突变载荷顺应特性进行对比研究，并提出了突变载荷顺应性优化设计方法。研究了液压系统突变载荷作用下的流固耦合效应，建立了长管道液压系统不稳定流的压力波动模型，分析了管道弹性、液体惯性和压缩性对液控系统稳定性及快速响应性的影响，为长管道液压系统设计提供理论基础。通过项目的实施，目前已发表论文7篇，申请发明专利4项（授权3项）。