基于糖苷类香气前体物分析的茶树种质资源鉴定与评价

Identification and evaluation of tea germplasm resources is the basic of resource innovation utilization. China is rich in tea germplasm resources, but the utilization efficiency is not high, on the one hand, traditional evaluation of germplasm resources identification method is time cosuming and large amount of material requirements;, on the other hand, owing to the limitation of early identification method and technique means. In recent years, unique tea resource especially the characteristic flavor of resources, become the focus of research and market. Project group make preliminary screening to 375 germplasm resources preservation at the aspect of biochemical components and sensory quality, , get 20 distinctive aroma resources, further analysis shows that the content of aroma components, aroma fragrant glucoside and composition of different resources have obvious difference. The project intends to start from the tea plant glycosidic aroma precursors, carry out analysis on germplasm resources of glycosidic tea aroma precursors of difference, to further explore the relevance of different tea resources glycosidic aroma precursors and flavor, extraction chromatographic peaks representing characteristics of the connotation, characteristics, integration of multi electronic information, the construction of fingerprint of glycoside of tea germplasm resources class precursors based on evaluation, establish early identification of flavor tea resource characteristics and identification methods, evaluation of our province tea germplasm resources, to flavor as the basis for clustering analysis, and to verify the early identification and evaluation method to establish the validity, and provide scientific basis for breeding special fragrant tea varieties.

茶树种质资源鉴定与评价是资源创新利用的基础。我国茶树种质资源丰富，但利用效率不高，一是传统的种质资源鉴定评价方法时效长，材料要求量大；二是早期鉴定方法或技术手段的限制。近年来，特色茶树资源尤其是特色香型资源，成为研究热点和市场卖点。项目组对我所保存的375份种质资源进行感官品质、生化成分初步筛选，获得20份特色香气资源，进一步香气分析表明，不同香型资源糖苷香气成分含量和组成有明显差异。项目拟从茶树糖苷类香气前体物着手，开展茶树种质资源糖苷类香气前体物差异分析，进一步探索不同茶树资源糖苷类香气前体物与香型的关联性，提取色谱峰特征，表征其特征内涵，融合多元电子信息，构建基于糖苷类前体物的茶树种质资源指纹图谱，建立特色香型茶树资源早期鉴定评价方法，并对我省茶树种质资源进行鉴定评价，以香型为基础进行聚类分析，同时验证建立的早期鉴定评价方法有效性，为选育特色香型茶树品种提供科学依据。

我国是茶树的原产地，种质资源丰富，创新利用种质资源是茶产业发展的基础。近年来，特色茶树资源尤其是特色香型资源，成为研究热点，茶叶香气也成为一个产品的重要市场特征点。项目以特色茶树资源为研究材料，在比较不同酶源（不同茶树品种提取）双液相酶解提取条件下，香气前体物差异分析的基础上，以部分标准品为对照品，采用GC、气相色谱-质谱（GC/MS）和液相色谱-质谱（LC/MS）等现代仪器检测方法，开展不同茶树资源的糖苷类香气前体物进行差异性分析，探明糖苷类香气前体对产品香气的贡献率绿茶为31.55%，红茶为45.58%。通过提取色谱峰特征，表征其特征内涵，融合多元电子信息，初步构建薮北、汝城白毛茶单株、槠叶齐、保靖黄金茶1号、尖波黄13号等5个茶树品种（系）糖苷类香气前体指纹图谱。通过对保靖黄金茶资源的初步鉴定，获得特色香气资源3份。并对特色茶树品质（系）进行针对性的开发应用，通过工艺调控，研发出不同香型产品3个，并建立一条自动化生产线。项目鉴定省级科技成果1项，成果技术同类研究国内领先水平；获得省级科技进步奖一等奖1项；申报国家发明专利2项；出版专著3部；发表论文6篇；培养硕士研究生1名。