冬瓜种质资源的搜集、鉴定与综合评价

Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida Cogn.), originated in China, is a traditional important vegetable and medical herb. A large number of its germplasms is distributed in folk rather than government, however, there are some seriously problems in these germplasms: intermixing, degradation, synonym and homonym. This project intends to undertake the following researches based on the holding of more than 180 germplasms and the finished partial genome sequencing of Ash gourd by Roche 454 GS-FLXTM: 1. Continue to collect, purify and propagate the Aah gourd germplasms. 2. Complete the survey of more than 100 characteristics of 300 accessions of Aah gourd germplasms, and while take the color photographs of different organs in various developmental stages. 3. Develop more than 500 SSR primer pairs, and construct the molecular identity information database of Ash gourd germplasms. 4. Compare the various genetic diversity based on different characters, including morphology, biology, quality, disease resistance, stress tolerance and molecular identity, and establish the full set of new methods and standards using for the distinguish and evaluation of Ash gourd germplasms 5. According the new methods and standards, to distinguish the synonym and homonym inAsh gourd germplasms, find out the genetic diversity of Ash gourd germplasms, and construct the core group in Ash gourd germplasms. 4. Submit 100 accessions of different germplasms with detailed data to Ntional Germplasm Resource Center of China. The project will lay good foundation for property right protection, taking advantage resources, mapping important traits and so on.

冬瓜（Benincasa hispida Cogn.）起源于我国，是重要的菜药兼用型蔬菜，其种质资源大量散落民间，存在严重的混杂、退化、同物异名及同名异物现象。本项目拟在已有180多份种质资源和完成冬瓜部分基因组Roche 454高通量测序基础上，开展以下研究：1、继续搜集、纯化冬瓜种质资源。2、完成300份种质资源的100多个种质特征的调查和不同器官各个发育时期彩照的拍摄。3、开发冬瓜基因组SSR引物，构建种质资源分子身份证。4、综合分析分子身份证、形态学、生物学、品质、抗病性、抗逆性等各个特征对种质资源遗传多样性的影响，建立冬瓜种质资源鉴别、评价方法与标准。5、纠正同物异名、同名异物的种质资源；了解种质资源遗传背景及多样性；筛选一批核心种质资源。6、上交100份特异冬瓜种质资源及详细数据到国家种质库。本项目将为冬瓜种质资源产权保护、优势利用、性状定位等研究提供良好工作基础。

冬瓜（Benincasa hispida Cogn.）起源于我国，是重要的菜药兼用型蔬菜，其种质资源大量散落民间，存在严重的混杂、退化、同物异名及同名异物现象。本项目执行期间，很好地完成了合同中的各项研究计划，发表论文2篇，正在整理等待发表的论文2篇，主要完成研究内容为：从国内外各地搜集了571份各种各样的冬瓜种质资源，其中包括282份光籽大冬瓜种质资源、291份毛籽冬瓜种质资源，对搜集到的冬瓜种质资源都进行田间种植、观察、去杂和扩繁。建立了较为规范、容易操作化的104个冬瓜种质资源特征特性调查方法，对已去杂和扩繁的300多份冬瓜种质资源的104个种质特征进行详细调查和登记，调查鉴别出100多份不同名字但种质资源特征极为相似的冬瓜种质资源，筛选出了54份特征特性差异明显的光籽冬瓜种质资源，74份特征特性差异明显的毛籽冬瓜种质资源。对冬瓜种质资源遗传多样性的研究，国际上首次提出把冬瓜分为光籽、毛籽两大类。光籽冬瓜再分为：光籽大冬瓜、光籽小冬瓜。毛籽冬瓜分为毛籽大冬瓜、毛籽中冬瓜和毛籽小冬瓜。首次把毛籽中冬瓜和毛籽小冬瓜界定为节瓜。本项目的研究对分散在我国各地的571份各种特色的冬瓜种质资源进行了研究和保护，这些研究工作都将为我国冬瓜育种和种质资源创新奠定良好的工作基础。