基于全印刷技术及介孔对电极单基板全固态介观太阳能电池基础研究

Photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight into electricity are becoming increasingly important in the world's energy mix. In the past decades, a new solar cell conceptually based on mesoscopic inorganic or organic semiconductors with interconnected three-dimensional structure, mesoscopic solar cell has attracted extensive attention because of the abundant sources of raw materials and the prospect of inexpensive production process. Based on the principle, structure, performance of mesoscopic solar cells, we obtained the key technology of monolithic solid-state mesoscopic solar cells, which is characterized by screen printing a nanocrystalline film, a spacer layer and carbon counter electrode on a single substrate, and then sensitizing with dye and filling hole transport materials. However, how to further improve its photoelectric conversion efficiency under the condition of low-cost is still a major problem for its practical application prospect. Herein through introducing the mesoporous /macroporous spacer, developing the low-cost dyes with high molar extinction and optimizing the design of monolithic solid-state mesoscopic solar cells, this proposal focuses on the scientific questions relating to photoelectric conversion of the monolithic all-solid-state mesoscopic solar cells and is attempt to develop the method of improving the photo capture efficiency and the efficiency of charge transfer, transport and separation, and obtain a device with efficiency over 15%. These should provide new high quality materials and new scientific theoretical basis on the improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency of the monolithic all-solid-state mesoscopic solar cells.

光伏电池是将太阳能转化为电能的器件，在世界能源结构中变得越来越重要。由于原材料来源丰富，工艺简单，基于介观尺度的无机或有机半导体材料及其三维互穿网络结构的新型介观太阳能电池近年来受到广泛关注。在学习和总结国内外介观太阳能电池原理、结构和性能基础上，本团队获得了低成本单基板全固态介观太阳能电池关键技术，其特点是在单一导电衬底上通过逐层丝网印刷方式涂覆纳米晶膜、间隔层、碳对电极层，之后（敏化染料，）填充空穴传输材料。怎样在廉价的条件下进一步提高其光电转换效率是关乎该电池实际应用前景的重大课题。本项目围绕单基板全固态介观太阳能电池光电转换相关基础科学问题，通过引入介孔/大孔间隔层、开发廉价高摩尔消光染料及优化设计介观太阳能电池，发展提高光子捕获效率和电荷转移、传输与分离效率的方法，获得光电转换效率超过15%的器件,为提高单基板全固态介观太阳能电池光电转换效率提供新的优质材料与科学理论。

光伏电池是将太阳能转化为电能的器件，在世界能源结构中变得越来越重要。由于原材料来源丰富，工艺简单，基于介观尺度的无机或有机半导体材料及其三维互穿网络结构的新型介观太阳能电池近年来受到广泛关注。在学习和总结国内外介观太阳能电池原理、结构和性能基础上，本团队获得了低成本单基板全固态介观太阳能电池关键技术，其特点是在单一导电衬底上通过逐层丝网印刷方式涂覆纳米晶膜、间隔层、碳对电极层，之后（敏化染料，）填充空穴传输材料。怎样在廉价的条件下进一步提高其光电转换效率是关乎该电池实际应用前景的重大课题。本项目围绕单基板全固态介观太阳能电池光电转换相关基础科学问题，通过引入介孔/大孔间隔层、开发廉价高摩尔消光染料及优化设计介观太阳能电池，发展提高光子捕获效率和电荷转移、传输与分离效率的方法，最终获得了光电转换效率15.6%（实验室最高18.2%，尚未报道）的器件,完成了项目目标。项目期间在Science、Nature Chemistry、Nature Communications、Adv Mater.、J Am Chem Soc等期刊上发表学术论文38项，申请国家发明专利8项。该项目为提高单基板全固态介观太阳能电池光电转换效率提供新的优质材料与科学理论。