商帮文化、社会资本与高管经济行为

Informal institutional arrangement is a fundamental research topic in the field of institutional economics. Based on China's unique cultural background and institutional environment, for the first time this project has manually collected and built a database of Chinese A-share listed companies' key executives (Chairman and Chief executive officer) "Cultural background of merchant organizations", and from the perspective of Confucian culture's property for the traditional merchant organizations which means a type of social capital, this project will also investigate that how the culture of merchant organizations has some impacts on the top management's related financial behaviors such as political connections and the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility and also the important accounting behaviors such as earnings management and conservatism. The possible contributions of this project are: (1) the project initially systematically imports the culture of merchant organizations as a type of social capital into the economic behaviors studies of the executives; (2) the project will earlier supply a clear distinction about the types of merchant organizations culture, and this will make the study and measurement about the culture of merchant organizations more detailed and scientific; (3) this project will also answer that how the culture of merchant organizations as an important informal institutional arrangement of China plays roles in the market-oriented reforms; (4)this project will examine how the key executives'combined characteristic of "Cultural background of merchant organizations" and "political connection" influences their economic behaviors. The project is expected to have important theoretical and practical significance to understand the China's merchant organizations culture's role of law and its impacting mechanism on the economic behaviors of the executives, and how to reform and improve the corporate governance structure.

非正式制度安排是制度经济学领域的一个基础性研究课题。本项目基于中国独特的文化背景和制度环境，首次手工搜集、构建了我国A 股上市公司关键高管人员(董事长与总经理)"商帮文化背景"数据库，根据传统商帮的儒家文化特征并借助于社会资本的相关理论，旨在考察商帮文化对高管人员的政治联系、社会责任履行等关联财务行为以及盈余管理、会计稳健性等重要会计行为的影响。本项目的潜在贡献有：(1)初步将"商帮文化"这一社会资本因素系统性地导入了高管人员经济行为的研究之中；(2)较早地明确区分了商帮文化的类型，使得对商帮文化的研究和度量更加细致和科学；(3)回答了商帮文化作为中华民族的一种重要非正式制度在市场化改革中如何发挥作用；(4)考察了关键高管的"官商结合"特征对其相关经济行为的影响。预计本项目对理解我国商帮文化的作用规律及其对高管人员经济行为的影响机理、改革和完善公司治理机制都具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。

本课题基于中国特有的儒家文化传统背景和新兴加转轨的制度环境，手工搜集并构建了我国A股上市公司“商帮文化”数据库，从商帮文化的社会资本研究视角入手，旨在探索性地研究商帮文化对公司高管人员经济行为的影响，研究内容包括：第一，回答商帮文化对上市公司关键高管人员的政治联系行为的形成是否有影响及如何影响这一问题，并提供高管人员政治联系文化起源的经验证据；第二，从儒家文化的道德规范层面出发，检验商帮文化社会资本对上市公司公益性捐赠行为的影响；第三，从诚信文化的角度，进一步考察商帮文化对上市公司公司避税行为、财务错报行为的影响。.本课题研究的重要成果包括：(1)商帮文化与企业公益性捐赠之间关系的中文工作论文2篇、英文工作论文1篇，该3篇研究成果仍处于投稿修改中；(2)商帮文化与企业政治联系之间关系的中英文工作论文各1篇，该2篇论文仍处于投稿中；(3)商帮文化与企业避税之间关系的中英文工作论文各1篇，该2篇论文仍处于深入修改过程中；(4)商帮文化与企业财务错报之间关系的中文工作论文各2篇、英文工作论文1篇，该3篇论文仍处于深入修改过程中；(5)在此课题的研究过程中，发表与此课题密切相关的社会资本论文2篇CSSCI与高管特征论文3篇CSSCI、2篇硕士学位论文。.关于本课题的关键数据情况， 基于地缘关系构建了两类商帮文化替代变量：哑变量CMDummy，若民营上市公司的注册地来自于山西(晋商)、安徽(徽商)、浙江(浙商)、广东(粤商)，则CMDummy取值为1，否则取值为0；连续变量CMDistance，根据“晋商”、“徽商”、“浙商”、“粤商”的地理位置起源，构建一个商帮文化连续变量CMDistance。研究结果表明，商帮文化作为我国传统文化的重要组成部分，诚实守信、利他性依然是其核心价值观的重要组成部分，这些可贵的契约精神仍然在中国资本市场以及公司治理中发挥着一定的积极作用。本研究对于当前理论界和实务界重新认识我国传统文化及商帮治理在转型社会经济活动中的作用机制具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。