生境破碎化对呼伦贝尔草原盲蝽多样性及地理分布影响的研究

Hulun Buir Grassland is an important base and precious resources for grass field of China and even the world. It not only on China's economic development plays a very important role, and its ecological status is also related to ecological security of the country and the health and well-being of the people. Miridae is one of the important pests of grassland. They are small, hidden life, many taxa identification difficult. The Miridae species composition has not yet been systematically studied on Hulun Buir Grassland. Therefore, to solve this problem is the core issue of its scientific management and research. We will adopt the theories and methods of molecular biology, biostatistics and animal geography, combined with morphological analysis and ecological surveys to the study of the diversity and distribution patterns. Our study will find out the basic diversity information of Miridae from Hulun Buir Grassland, reveal the characteristics of diversity, investigates the causes, reveal its distribution and occurrence regularity. in order to Through this study, not only can provide the information for the insect fauna and diversity in china, but also to provide supporting data for continued reasonable use of grassland resources and for the future to carry out the monitoring and protection of grassland biodiversity. In view of this, to carry out this study not only has important theoretical significance, but also has important economic significance and social value.

呼伦贝尔草原是中国乃至世界草地领域研究的重要基地和宝贵资源，它不仅对我国的经济发展发挥着至关重要的作用，而且其生态状况还关系到全国的生态安全和人民的健康福祉。盲蝽是草原重要害虫之一，种类众多，体小，生活隐蔽，很多类群鉴定困难，因此，解决尚未进行过系统研究的呼伦贝尔草原盲蝽的物种组成问题是对其进行科学管理和相关研究的核心问题。本项目将用分子生物学、生物统计学和动物地理学的理论与方法，把形态分析和生态调查结合到多样性及分布格局的研究中，搞清呼伦贝尔草原盲蝽物种多样性的基本信息，揭示其特点，探讨其成因，为今后开展草原生物多样性监测和保护提供支持数据；揭示呼伦贝尔草原盲蝽的分布现状和发生规律。通过本项研究，不仅可以为我国昆虫区系和多样性研究提供资料，而且可以为今后持续合理地利用草原资源，进一步开展后续相关研究奠定基础。鉴于此，开展此项研究不仅具有重要的理论意义，还具有重要的经济意义和社会价值。

采用昆虫分类学、动物地理学、生态学和统计学等方法对呼伦贝尔地区盲蝽科昆虫的物种多样性和分布情况进行了研究。结果表明：在生境破碎化背景下，该地区共分布盲蝽科昆虫4亚科52属120种，虽多以常见种为主，但仍发现了该地区3新纪录种（狭长草盲蝽Lygus poluensis、欧亚纹唇盲蝽Charagochilus gyllenhalii和郑氏植盲蝽Phytocoris zhengi）和1中国特有物种（锡林圆额盲蝽Leptopterna xilingolana）。从分布范围看，盲蝽科物种多集中分布在岭西地区，即呼伦贝尔草原的主体。从分布地点看，鄂温克族自治旗分布的物种数量最多（52种）。从盲蝽动物地理组成看，以单独古北界分布为主。从标本采集数量看，苜蓿盲蝽A. Lineolatus、青草绿盲蝽L. gemellatus、红楔异盲蝽P. cognatus、条赤须盲蝽T. caelestialium和长跗赤须盲蝽T. longitarsus等物种的标本数量明显多于其他物种，种群密度相对较高，同时在研究地分布较广，说明这些物种适应力强，抗破碎化的能力也较强。而蚁盲蝽Myrmecoris gracilis，中亚狭盲蝽Stenodema turanica，乳黄赤须盲蝽Trigonotylus cremeus等物种常见种近年采集量很小或没有采集到，说明它们对干扰较为敏感，抗破碎化的能力较弱。季节性的出现暗示盲蝽科大部分物种主要在夏季活动，特别在7月和8月。总的来看，通过本项目的研究，解决了呼伦贝尔地区盲蝽科昆虫的物种多样性和地理分布问题，揭示了在生境破碎化的影响下盲蝽科昆虫所呈现出的细微变化。