It is known that the structures of passive films covered on the surface of corrosion resistance alloy determine the corrosion resistance of alloy. In comparison, for low alloy steel, it can be used in the highly acidic environment by controlling its microstructure, chemical compositions and mechanical properties to meet the requirements of usage. It is found that the crystal structure type of corrosion product films formed on the surface of low alloy steel is expected to transform with the change of H2S partial pressure, as well the low alloy steel resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen permeation current in high H2S partial pressure environment, indicating that the crystal structure type of corrosion product films is related to the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel. Therefore, the studies on the evolution mechanism of the crystal structures of the corrosion product films of the low alloy steel in high H2S partial pressure conditions are carried out firstly to show the corresponding relationship between the FeS crystal structure transformation and the environmental factors, such as temperature and H2S partial pressure. Then, the influences of different crystal structures of corrosion product films on hydrogen permeation and corrosion resistance performances are investigated by high pressure hydrogen permeation tests and sulfide stress corrosion cracking resistance tests. Further more, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the crystal transformation are studied using principle of material thermodynamics and crystallography, and then combining with the behavior characteristics of anions and cations in the different crystal structues, the evolution of the crystal structures of corrosion product films and their influences on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel are ultimately revealed.
高含硫油气开发用低合金钢的腐蚀及环境开裂是目前石油天然气工业界亟待解决的重大工程问题,前期研究发现,高压H2S环境中,随H2S压力和温度变化低合金钢的腐蚀产物晶体结构类型发生改变,并且低合金钢抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂性能随之发生变化,这表明腐蚀产物的晶型演化与低合金钢的耐蚀性能有依存关系,这对揭示低合金钢在高含硫环境中的适用性具有重要意义。为此,本项目首先开展高压H2S条件下,低合金钢腐蚀产物晶体结构类型演化规律的研究,揭示H2S分压、温度等环境因素与FeS晶型结构转变的对应关系;其次,利用高压氢渗透试验和抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂试验,研究不同晶体结构的腐蚀产物对低合金钢耐蚀性能的影响规律;然后,利用材料热力学、晶体学原理研究不同晶型转变的热力学和动力学条件,结合溶液中阳离子和阴离子在不同晶型腐蚀产物中的行为特点,最终揭示高含H2S环境腐蚀产物晶型演化规律及其对低合金钢耐蚀性能的影响。
在湿H2S环境中,低合金钢会发生氢致开裂和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂,前期研究发现,高压H2S环境中,随H2S压力和温度变化低合金钢腐蚀产物的晶体结构类型发生改变,并且低合金钢抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂性能随之发生变化,因此揭示高压H2S环境腐蚀产物的晶型演化规律及其与低合金钢耐蚀性能的依存关系,对认识高酸性油气田管线钢的腐蚀破坏机理以及防护措施具有重要意义。. 为此,开展如下研究内容:(1)低合金钢表面腐蚀产物膜晶体结构与H2S环境条件依存关系研究;(2)不同晶体结构腐蚀产物的形核长大及晶型演化规律研究;(3)溶液中阳离子和阴离子对不同晶体结构腐蚀产物的形成规律的影响研究;(4)不同晶体结构的腐蚀产物膜对低合金钢耐蚀性能的影响研究。. 实验结果表明:(1)低压H2S条件下低合金钢表面所形成的腐蚀产物主要由四方马基诺矿组成,疏松易脱落,反应温度越高晶粒越细小;高压H2S条件下形成的腐蚀产物主要由四方马基诺矿和六方陨硫铁矿构成,腐蚀产物膜致密不易脱落。(2)碳钢在湿H2S环境中的腐蚀产物主要晶体结构类型包括马基诺矿、立方FeS、陨硫铁、黄铁矿等,且呈现不同的形貌,四方马基诺矿为片状形貌,立方FeS为八面体形貌,黄铁矿为球状,陨硫铁为花状。(3)不同晶体结构硫铁化合物的演化规律,最初形成四方马基诺矿,随后形成立方FeS,延长反应时间或增加H2S溶度,马基诺矿和立方FeS向陨铁矿和磁黄铁矿等稳态FeS转变,直至马基诺矿全部消失、立方FeS也逐渐减少至全部消失,最后六方晶系陨铁矿出现并且成为主要相,在此转变过程中硫复铁矿起到承上启下的作用。(4)溶液中Fe离子和S离子浓度影响腐蚀产物的形成,不同晶型FexSy化合物在H2S环境下对钢的腐蚀进程影响不同,对钢的腐蚀速率从高到低依次为添加的无定形FeS、黄铁矿、陨铁矿、不添加和磁黄铁矿。(5)马基诺矿型腐蚀产物对应力腐蚀开裂阻碍作用较小,陨铁矿型腐蚀产物和磁黄铁矿型腐蚀产物对应力腐蚀开裂均有一定的阻碍能力。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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