高效率单结和叠层全塑料太阳能电池的研究

Organic and polymer solar cells have been attracting great attention due to their advantage of light weight, excellent mechanical flexibility and easy processing. Vacuum-free, indium tin oxide-free, fully solution-processed organic and polymer solar cells are ideal in term of the fabrication and materials cost. All-plastic solar cells, comprising plastic substrates, polymer electrodes and plastic active layers, are fully solution-processed and meet the requirements for the low cost. The all-plastic solar cells have been recently developed and the power conversion efficiency is still low about 3%. To advance the industrialization of the low-cost all-plastic solar cells, this proposal will focus on how to improve the power conversion efficiency, how to further simplify the device structure and lower the fabrication cost, and how to realize large-area solar cells based on the all-plastic structure. Details are included as follows: (1) To develop efficient single-junction and tandem all-plastic solar cells based on high-performance low band-gap polymers and with the help of optical simulation; (2) To develop low-work function conducting polymer formula by doping amine-containing small molecules and polymers to simplify the device structure and fabrication process; (3) To fabricate low cost large-area organic and polymer solar cells based on all-plastic solar cells by using solution-processed silver lines, grids and films. With the study above, the power conversion efficiency of 6-8% is expected for low-cost and easy-processing organic solar cells.

有机聚合物太阳能电池具有柔性好、制备工艺简单的优点而受到人们的广泛关注。不需真空过程、全溶液制备、不使用铟锡氧化物（ITO）电极是低成本有机聚合物太阳能电池的发展方向。全塑料太阳能电池，其基底、电极、光活性层均由有机聚合物组成，可全溶液制备、柔性好，符合低成本太阳能电池的条件。目前，全塑料太阳能电池的能量转换效率为3%左右。本项目拟围绕如何提高全塑料太阳能电池的效率、进一步简化电池结构及其大面积化开展研究工作，具体包括：（1）引入高性能窄带隙聚合物半导体光活性层，结合光学模拟，发展高效单结和叠层全塑料太阳能电池；（2）通过掺杂含胺小分子和聚合物材料，发展低功函数导电聚合物溶液配方，以简化全塑料太阳能电池的结构及制备过程；（3）将全塑料太阳能电池与可溶液制备的Ag网格、薄膜相结合，构筑大面积柔性有机太阳能电池。通过以上研究，实现能量转换效率在6-8%的低成本有机太阳能电池。

有机聚合物太阳能电池具有柔性好、轻质、可印刷制备的优点，是近年来能源领域的研究热点。不需真空过程、全溶液加工、不使用铟锡氧化物是实现低成本有机太阳能电池的方向。全塑料（有机）太阳能电池，其电极、活性层、界面层均由有机聚合物组成，具备低成本、可印刷制备的特点。本项目以实现高效率全塑料太阳能电池为目标，围绕导电聚合物电极性质调控及器件实现开展研究工作，主要研究成果包括：（1）材料方面，系统研究了导电高分子PEDOT:PSS的光学性质（吸收、透过及反射光谱）、电子电导率、离子电导率、功函数、化学氧化还原性质、机械可拉伸性质；发展了PEDOT:PSS配方，制备出微米尺度厚、自支撑、高电导率、低方阻电极薄膜；（2）器件方面，基于PEDOT:PSS性质的调控，实现了效率为6.5%全塑料柔性叠层太阳能电池；结合转印制膜技术，制备了面积为10.5 cm^2，效率为6.5%的柔性叠层太阳能电池；基于PEDOT:PSS的光学特性，实现了多彩和柔性有机及钙钛矿太阳能电池；发展了基于毛笔的有机太阳能电池涂布工艺，制备出面积为18 cm^2，效率为的6.3%有机太阳能电池模组。研究成果以华中科技大学为第一单位，本人为通讯作者在J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Adv. Mater., Nano Lett., Mater. Horiz., Adv. Energy Mater.等期刊共发表标注论文27篇，申请专利5项（其中3项已授权）。