硼铝金属化炸药的反应区结构和能量输出特性研究

Metallized explosives achieve both excellent work capacity and high blast energy as compared to traditional blast explosives.Boron powder exhibit high energy of combustion, but its ignition and combustion properties are not sufficient. In this project, new HMX based explosive formulations containing boron and aluminum powder, AP and binder will be developed, effects of the component content and the boron and aluminum powder size on detonation properties will be discussed. The characteristic spectrum of detonation products between boron and aluminum powder and HMX will be measured by means of the spectroscopy technique, characteristics of oxidation and hydrogenation reaction will be studied, ignition and combustion properties of boron and aluminum compound at high temperature and high pressure will be understand. The velocity between the window material and the metallized explosives will be measured by photoelectric technique and DISAR interferometer, and the width and time of detonation reaction zone will be calculated by the kinetics analytical procedures. The work capacity of metallized explosives containing boron and aluminum powder were studied by optical scanning and VISAR technology, and numerical simulation will be done by using LS-DYNA. The energy release characteristic of metallized explosives containing boron and aluminum powder will be studied by air and underwater explosion test, numerical simulation will be done by using AUTODYN, and their overall energy will be evaluated. After above studies, theory direction and experiment reference for developing new metallized explosive will be given.

活性金属在炸药中的运用能提高其做功能力和爆炸威力。硼粉具有较高热值，但点火和燃烧性能较差。本项目以HMX为基，加入硼铝复合粉、氧化剂AP和粘接剂，设计和制备硼铝金属化炸药，讨论各组成的含量和颗粒度对硼铝金属化炸药性能的影响。用光谱测量技术测试HMX与硼铝复合粉爆轰产物的特征光谱，研究其氧化反应和氢化反应特性，掌握硼铝复合粉在高温高压下的点火和燃烧性能；分别用光电技术和激光位移干涉测速系统（DISAR）测试硼铝金属化炸药与窗口材料的界面速度，结合反应流体动力学程序计算化学反应区宽度和时间；用光学扫描和激光速度干涉仪（VISAR）联合测试方法研究硼铝金属化炸药的做功能力，结合LS-DYNA计算程序进行数值模拟；用空中和水下爆炸试验研究硼铝金属化炸药的能量输出特性，结合AUTODYN计算程序的数值模拟结果评估总能量。通过上述研究，为研制性能优良的新型高能金属化炸药提供理论和实验依据。

活性金属在炸药中的运用能提高其做功能力和爆炸威力，微米B-Al复合粉作为金属燃料在含能材料中具有潜在应用价值。本项目以HMX为基，加入氧化剂AP、B-Al复合粉和粘结剂HTPB，设计和制备含硼铝炸药。用激光点火燃烧实验系统研究了不同压力（0.4Mpa、0.8MPa和1.2MPa）及气氛（60%O2+40%N2、80%O2+20%N2和100%O2）下B-Al复合粉及含硼铝炸药的点火和燃烧特性；对各种尺度的B粉、Al粉、B-Al复合粉和含硼铝炸药样品，进行了不同气氛和升温速率的TG和DSC分析，计算了含硼铝炸药的热分解动力学和热力学参数；分别用光电技术和激光位移干涉测速系统（DISAR）研究含硼铝炸药的反应区结构，获得波剖面参数；用Φ50mm圆筒试验研究含硼铝炸药的做功能力，结合LS-DYNA程序进行数值模拟；用空中和水下爆炸试验研究含硼铝炸药的能量输出特性，结合AUTODYN程序的数值模拟结果评估总能量。结果表明，压力与氧气浓度对B-Al复合粉及含硼铝炸药的点火燃烧特性具有明显影响。含硼铝炸药燃烧较剧烈，呈爆燃现象，高温下形成Al5O6N、AlBO3等多种化合物。根据不同速率下DSC曲线对应的峰温，由Kissinger法和Ozawa法获得含硼铝炸药在N2、空气气氛下的非等温热分解机理函数、动力学和热力学参数。PF-1, PF-2, PF-3的密度分别为1.707g·cm-3、1.685g·cm-3和1.672g·cm-3时，DISAR测试获得的反应区宽度分别是115ns, 90ns和67ns。B的燃烧热比Al高，PF-2炸药比PF-1具有更强的后然效应。可是，在PF-3炸药的铜管断裂之前，没有足够的氧和B反应，含硼铝炸药中B的能量不能完全释放。在空中爆炸火球扩展过程中，Al粉燃烧火焰为黄色，B粉燃烧火焰为蓝绿色。PF-3的冲击波超压和后效作功能力更强。PF-1、PF-2和PF-3在水下各测量位置的冲击波能相差不大，但气泡脉动周期和气泡能随着B-Al复合粉含量增加而越大，即水中爆炸的总能量增加，在新型金属化炸药和安全弹药中具有潜在的应用前景。