基于纳米结构PTFE@Al金属化炸药的反应区结构与能量输出特性

Structure and reaction performance of metallic materials play an key role on reaction behavior and energy putout of metalized explosives with high energy density, high explosion heat and power. In this project,we use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the fluorine oxidizer and the shielding layer to construct a new type of core-shell PTFE@Al based fuels by an in situ chemical vapor deposition. The PTFE shell not only prevents nano-Al layers from oxidation, but also assists in enhancing the reaction kinetics, greatly improving reactivity of fuels. Novel metalized explosives containing PTFE@Al and explosive were prepared by solution assembly technology. Displacement interferometer system for any reflector will be used to analyze the detonation reaction zone structure of explosives. Enclosed space explosion tests willbe used to acquire the energy output structure of explosives. Based on all above studies, a novel metalized explosives with high performance of work capability and explosion power will be gained. The relationship between structure, component of explosives and performances is also obtained. The energy output structure and energy output features of explosives will provide a theoretical basis to understand mechanism of reaction and develop metalized explosives with high explosion power.

金属化炸药具有高爆热和高爆炸威力特点，是先进弹药武器核心毁伤能源。然而金属粉活性高易于氧化失活，使其在二次反应中点火和燃烧滞后，限制了爆轰反应过程和能量输出，为此，本项目设计新型纳米核壳结构，以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为强氧化剂，采用化学气相沉积原位聚合方法制备核壳结构的PTFE@Al，通过溶液组装技术将PTFE@Al与炸药复合构建新型纳米金属化炸药；采用激光位移干涉测速技术、密闭空间爆炸和水下爆炸试验结合理论计算模拟，研究该新型纳米金属化炸药的爆轰反应区结构和能量输出特性与规律，获得新型金属化炸药的结构、组分与爆轰反应区结构以及能量输出的构效关系，建立爆炸反应过程机制(起爆和爆轰阶段)，深入理解纳米结构PTFE@Al在爆轰过程中能量释放机理。本项目的研究将为新型金属化炸药的设计制备提供研究思路，对反应区结构和能量输出特性与规律的研究对认识金属化炸药的爆轰反应行为和应用有重要指导意义。

金属化炸药具有高爆热和高爆炸威力特点，然而金属粉活性高易于氧化失活，使其在二次反应中难以点火和燃烧完全，限制了炸药的能量输出。本项目设计了新型纳米核壳结构，以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）为氧化剂，采用化学气相沉积原位聚合方法制备核壳结构的PTFE@Al，通过溶液自组装技术将PTFE@Al与炸药复合构建新型纳米金属化炸药。采用光子多普勒测速技术对新型金属化炸药的爆轰反应区进行了研究，通过爆热、水下爆炸、空中爆炸和圆筒实验对炸药的能量输出特性进行研究。结果表明，额外添加聚四氟乙烯后，金属化炸药的爆速爆压下降，爆轰反应区时间和长度几乎一样，爆热值增加，水下爆炸和空中爆炸能量输出特性参数提高，金属加速能力提高，这与PTFE与Al发生后燃反应有关。本项目的研究为新型金属化炸药的设计制备提供了一种研究思路，对反应区结构和能量输出特性的研究对认识金属化炸药的爆轰反应行为和应用具有重要指导意义。