地面流淌火的流动-燃烧耦合机制与动力学模型研究

Liquid fuel spill fires usually occur in the oil storage and transportation industries after a loss of containment. The fire can be exaggerated as the burning fuel spreads, and will hold a huge threat to the tanks and devices nearby, probably causing a secondary disaster. This proposal focuses on the coupling effect between the fuel spread and combustion, and the factors that may impact spill fires. The balance among gravitational force, surface tension, inertial force, and viscous force in the burning slick will be analyzed, and the fuel thickness distribution will be studied accordingly, to reveal the impact of the combustion on the fuel spread. The spill fire burning rate will be investigated based on the analysis of heat transfer between the substrate and the oil slick. Models of the flame height in a spill fire will also be developed with an investigation into air entrainment. Thus the impact of fuel spread on its burning behavior can be clarified. A burning fuel spread model and a heat radiation model for spill fire on land will be developed based on the motion-burning coupling effect. The findings in this research can contribute to a better understanding of burning fuel spread, and may provide a scientific basis for risk assessment and layout design in the oil storage and transportation industries.

流淌火是油品储运过程中的一种常见火灾事故。燃烧油品的流动加快火势蔓延，威胁人员生命和财产安全。本项目针对地面流淌火的流动-燃烧耦合问题，通过实验和理论分析研究地面流淌火的流动行为和燃烧特性，探讨影响流淌火蔓延的因素及其作用机制。重点研究：1）研究燃烧油膜沿流动方向的力学特征，分析油膜厚度在流淌火蔓延过程中的非均匀时变规律，揭示流淌火的燃烧状态对油池扩展行为的作用机制；2）研究燃烧油膜在自由表面流动过程中的传热模式和空气卷吸行为，探讨流淌火燃烧速率、火焰高度等与池火的差异，揭示燃烧油品的流动对其燃烧特性的作用机制；3）综合流淌火的流动和燃烧耦合过程，在二维浅水方程的基础上构建地面流淌火蔓延模型和热辐射评价模型。本项目的研究成果可促进对燃烧液体自由表面流动的科学认识，并为油气储运设施的风险评估和规划布局等提供支持。

流淌火是油品储运过程中的一种常见火灾事故。燃烧油品的流动加快火势蔓延，威胁人员生命和财产安全。本项目针对地面流淌火的流动-燃烧耦合问题，通过实验和理论分析研究地面流淌火的流动行为和燃烧特性，探讨影响流淌火蔓延的因素及其作用机制。本项目执行三年以来，取得了以下的重要成果：（1）开展了开放水面连续泄漏正庚烷流淌火灾实验，通过对燃料层的热平衡分析，揭示了流动状态下的燃烧油品的传热机制，证实了流淌火燃烧速率低于同尺度池火的主要原因是薄燃料层导致的穿透热辐射，基于热辐射反馈吸收量、热对流量以及燃料的蒸发潜热和比热，建立了流淌火燃烧速率模型；（2）开展了水平和倾斜表面的连续泄漏正庚烷流淌火灾实验，发明了一种流淌火燃烧油膜厚度的非接触式测量方法，首次实验测量了正庚烷流淌火燃料层油膜厚度值，完善了流淌火燃烧速率模型；（3）在浅水方程中将油品泄漏速率和燃烧速率作为源项，构建了表征流淌火蔓延过程的动量方程和质量方程，提出了燃烧油池停止扩展的判断准则，形成了地面流淌火蔓延模型。结合固体火焰模型等热辐射分析方法，提出了流淌火灾风险评估方法，并以输油管道泄漏事故为例开展了应用研究。