基于微流控3D打印技术的液相夹杂复合材料研制与性能研究

Polymer composites are widely applied in aerospace, weaponry, biological medicine and other fields due to their high performance in structure and functions. Researches on new fabrication methods for polymer composites and new strategies for the improvements of composites performance have great influences and meanings to the related application fields. In this project, we plan to design a 3D printing platform based on droplet microfluidics to achieve the controllable fabrication of polymer composites. Based on the printing platform, polymer composites with liquid inclusion are fabricated. Phase change processes are studied to reveal the influences on the properties of composites. Evaporation process in limited space is studied accompanying with the self-assembly of the particles, as well as their impacts on the performance of polymer composites. Experiments, theoretical analyses and simulations will be carried out to reveal the underlying mechanism of the effect of the evaporation on composite mechanical properties. Phase change process of low-boiling point liquid embedded in a compact polymer structure is studied. Uniaxial tension and thermal expansion properties of the polymer composites included with low-boiling point liquid will be measured under different temperatures. Combining experimental data, theoretical analyses and simulations, the influence of the phase change on the thermal deformation of polymer composites will be revealed. This project will provide reliable technological means and theoretical bases for the fabrication of composites with specific performance.

复合材料因其结构与功能的优异性被广泛应用于航空航天、武器装备、生物医疗等领域。探索新型复合材料的制备方法以及性能提升方案，对相关应用领域具有重要意义。为了实现液相夹杂复合材料的可控制备，本项目拟设计和搭建基于液滴微流控技术的3D打印平台。基于该打印平台，研制液相夹杂聚合物基复合材料，研究夹杂相态变化过程对其整体性能的影响。研究夹杂颗粒溶液在受限空间中的蒸发和相应的颗粒自组装过程，以及该过程对复合材料宏观力学性能的影响。通过实验观测、理论分析以及数值模拟，揭示不同蒸发程度对复合材料整体性能影响的内在规律，实现液相夹杂增强聚合物基复合材料的研制。研究致密无孔聚合物基复合材料中低沸点夹杂液体的相态转变过程，并通过测量复合材料在不同温度下的拉伸性能和热膨胀性能，结合理论以及数值模拟，揭示夹杂相态变化对复合材料热变形特性的作用机制。本项目将为研制具有特异性能的复合材料提供可靠的技术手段与理论依据。

本项目围绕液相复合材料，从可控制备方法、宏观性能预测及其应用三方面展开研究，提出了基于微流控技术的微结构可控复合材料3D打印方法，建立了液相夹杂复合材料在相变过程中的宏观性能预测理论，表征分析了液相复合材料的抗冲击特性、可调吸波特性、响应变形特性等，并对水下微纳米运动功能器件的运动特性与流动特性进行了研究，为将液相夹杂复合材料应用于水下流动控制奠定了研究基础。项目执行期间，在PNAS、Journal of Fluid Mechanics、Advanced Science、Soft Robotics等国内外知名期刊上发表论文24篇，授权专利7项。参加国内外学术会议，并作邀请报告8次。