火星探测器雷达径向下视三维超分辨成像方法研究

Mars exploration is of great significance for understanding the evolution of the Earth， exploiting extraterrestrial resources, expanding human living space and so on, and it has become the primary mission of deep space exploration. Although China has achieved technology accumulation for rounding, landing and touring in Lunar exploration missions, the Mars exploring mission will confront with unprecedented challenges, such as complicated climate, terrain and communication delay, especially at the stage of landing. ..Radar radial downward-looking 3-D imaging technique can acquire the 3-D Mars surface map along the trajectory at the stage of landing, allowing for all-day and all-weather landing area selection and obstacle avoidance. This could be a powerful instrument for the safe and autonomous landing of Mars probe. ..Considering the requirement of all-day and all-weather safe and autonomous landing of Mars probe, this project develops the research on imaging mechanism for the radar radial downward-looking 3-D imaging problem, and breaks through the key technologies including radial downward-looking echo model and 3-D imaging approach. Meanwhile, the simulation experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the imaging mechanism and the performance of the key technologies. With the support of the project, it is expected that a technology system with independent intellectual property rights can be formed, which could provide technique support for a safe and autonomous landing on Mars.

火星探测对认识地球演变、开发利用地外资源与能源以及拓展人类生存空间等方面科学研究意义重大，是我国下一步深空探测的首选。尽管我国在探月工程中完成了“绕、落、巡”等方面的技术积累，但是对于火星探测，特别是在“落”这一阶段任务，探测器着陆将面临火星复杂气候、地形环境以及高通讯时延等诸多新挑战。. 雷达径向下视三维成像技术，可在软着陆阶段获得运动轨迹方向上的下视火星表面三维图像，能够用于火星探测器全天时、全天候着陆区域选址和障碍规避，是实现探测器自主、安全软着陆强有力的手段。. 本项目拟针对火星探测器全天时、全天候安全自主着陆应用需求，围绕火星探测器雷达径向下视三维成像难题，开展径向下视三维成像机理研究，突破径向下视回波建模和三维成像等关键技术，完成仿真验证，形成具有自主知识产权的技术体系，为我国火星探测器自主安全软着陆提供技术支撑。

在国家自然科学基金项目支持下，项目组围绕火星探测器雷达径向下视三维超分辨成像技术进行研究，研究工作按照原定计划顺利完成，解决了空时观测调制控制与优化和雷达径向下视衍射图表征关键科学问题，完成了火星探测器雷达下视三维成像回波建模，距离走动校正和模型误差分析等研究，提出了相控阵二维阵列天线在线SPICE三维成像方法，实现了对火星目标三维成像的仿真实验验证。本项目所研究雷达径下视三维成像技术，可在该阶段获得火星表面的三维图像，可获取包括地面物体分布与地势高低信息，可用于指导着陆器进行区域选址和障碍规避，实现探测器自主、安全着陆。本项目创新成果，在遥感领域Top期刊IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing等发表SCI论文13篇，在雷达领域顶级会议IEEE Radar Conference及其他学术会议上发表录用论文4篇，授权国家发明专利3项。