电驱动Ni基合金多孔纳米线阵列表面动态气幕构筑机制及润湿行为调控

Air-lubrication drag reduction is an effective way to reduce the drag and to increase the maneuverability of marine vehicles. However, uneven distribution and poor attachment of air cushion have been always the two main problems in the decrease of drag reduction effect. In order to address them, we propose to fabricate a porous nanowires array surface with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic structure. By taking advantage of the excellent water electrolysis hydrogen evolution activity of Ni-based alloys, gas can be in-situ generated on the hydrophilic area and trapped by the superhydrophobic area, eventually forming an air layer. When the hydrophilic area contacts with water, the electrolysis reaction will not stop until a full coverage is reached. In this way, an even distribution and maintenance of a dynamic air-layer is achieved. Template-assisted electrodeposition and surface modification, together with electrochemical and physical-chemical characterization techniques will be adopted. This project will systematically investigate 1) in-situ hydrogen evolution reaction by porous Ni-based alloy nanowire array surface, 2) the mediation of bubble behavior by alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic structured nanowire, 3) electric field driven transformation of surface wetting state and maintenance of the dynamic air-layer. This project provides a new concept of designing air-lubrication drag reduction surfaces.

气体润滑减阻是降低航行体阻力与提高其机动性能的有效方法。针对目前气体润滑减阻研究中气层分布不均匀、附着能力差导致减阻效果下降的问题，本项目拟利用Ni基合金优异的电催化析氢活性，构筑一种亲疏水相间异质多孔纳米线阵列表面以形成界面气幕。气体由亲水的Ni基合金电解水产生，疏水区域捕捉气体并铺展形成气幕，通过亲水区域触水析氢、气幕形成后无反应的动态调控机制，实现气层均匀分布和气幕的动态驻留。采用模板辅助电沉积和原位表面改性的方法，结合电化学和物理化学表征手段，系统研究Ni基合金多孔纳米线阵列表面电解水气体原位生成机制、亲疏水相间异质纳米线结构对气泡生长行为的调控机制、电驱动下表面润湿状态转变规律以及连续气幕动态维持机制，为高性能的气幕减阻表面提供新的设计思路。

本项目针对目前气体润滑减阻研究中气层分布不均匀、附着能力差导致减阻效果下降等问题，提出利用多孔CuNi合金优异的电催化产氢性能，构筑了两种亲疏相间表面以形成连续气幕。气体由多孔CuNi区域电解水原位产生，亲疏性不同的区域构成的润湿阶跃捕捉并铺展形成连续气幕。气泡流失后，电解水反应重启以维持表面气幕的动态驻留。.圆满完成了任务书中的研究计划，获得主要成果如下：CuNi多孔材料的电沉积制备，获得了表面电解水气体原位生成规律；实现了Cu/Ni合金多孔纳米线阵列的构筑以及表面修饰，获得了润湿性调控及其气体捕集能力的影响规律；实现了多孔CuNi薄膜基亲疏相间表面的构筑，揭示了电驱动下表面连续气幕动态维持机制及形态分析。发表标有资助号的SCI收录论文7篇；授权国家发明专利1件，申请国家发明专利1件；培养毕业硕士研究生2名，出站博士后1名，辽宁省“兴辽英才”科技创新领军人才1名，中国科协青年托举人才1名；参加国内外学术会议作会议报告3次，邀请外国专家报告1次。.科学意义及创新点：提出了水下气体减阻的自适应机制，在微纳尺度上构筑润湿梯度，多孔CuNi合金优异的电催化析氢活性产生气体，润湿梯度产生大接触角滞后捕捉和铺展气体，当气体消失后，电催化重新启动产生气体。丰富和完善了水下气体减阻理论，推动了高性能的气幕减阻表面的工业化进程。