新疆野生黄花苜蓿种质资源遗传特性与核心种质构建研究

The research on genetic characteristics and core collection construction of plant germplasm resources is of great theoretical significance for germplasm innovation and breeding of new varieties. The research on genetic characteristics and core collection of existing plant germplasm resources is mainly concentrated on crops and fruit trees. However, few studies have been done on genetic characteristics and core collection of wild falcata germplasm resources in Xinjiang.Xinjiang is the origin center of alfalfa in China. The wild falcata germplasm resources in Xinjiang has some characteristics,such as wide distribution, large vertical span, diverse growth environment and abundant phenotypic characters ,and so on. It is an important gene source for alfalfa Breeding in China.In this project, Xinjiang Wild falcata as material will be studied from the morphology, cytology and DNA. The mechanism of genetic diversity of wild falcata will be analyzed by comparing the phenotypic traits, chromosome ploidy, and molecular markers ,and reveal genetic basis of its diversity.The core germplasm bank of Xinjiang wild falcata will be constructed through the three heavy cluster analysis of phenotypic traits, chromosome number characteristics and molecular markers, and the step by step compression method.It provides a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of the germplasm resources of Xinjiang alfalfa,which will lay the foundation for Germplasm innovation of alfalfa and selection of new varieties in China.

开展植物种质资源遗传特性和核心种质库构建的研究对进行该物种的种质创新和新品种选育具有重要的理论意义。已有的植物种质资源遗传特性和核心种质的研究主要集中在农作物和果树的上，而针对新疆野生黄花苜蓿种质资源遗传特性及核心种质的研究还鲜有报道。新疆是我国黄花苜蓿的起源中心，新疆野生黄花苜蓿种质资源具有分布范围广、垂直跨度大、生长环境多样、表型性状丰富等特点，是我国苜蓿育种重要基因源。本项目以新疆野生黄花苜蓿为研究材料，从形态学、细胞学和DNA方面开展研究，通过对其表型性状、染色体倍性和分子标记等数据进行比较，分析新疆野生黄花苜蓿种质资源遗传多样性的形成机制，揭示其多样性的遗传学基础；通过表型性状、染色体数量特征和分子标记的三重聚类分析，采用逐级压缩方法，构建新疆野生黄花苜蓿核心种质库，为新疆黄花苜蓿种质资源的保护和开发利用提供理论依据，为进一步开展我国苜蓿种质创新和新品种选育奠定基础。

开展植物种质资源遗传特性和核心种质库构建的研究对进行该物种的种质创新和新品种选育具有重要的理论意义。新疆是我国黄花苜蓿的起源中心，新疆野生黄花苜蓿种质资源具有分布范围广、垂直跨度大、生长环境多样、表型性状丰富等特点，是我国苜蓿育种重要基因源。本项目拟以新疆野生黄花苜蓿为研究材料，从形态学、细胞学和DNA方面开展研究，通过对其表型性状、染色体倍性和分子标记等数据进行比较，分析新疆野生黄花苜蓿种质资源遗传多样性的形成机制，揭示其多样性的遗传学基础，通过表型性状筛选出核心种质21份、结合染色体数量特征和分子标记，构建新疆野生黄花苜蓿核心种质38份，为新疆黄花苜蓿种质资源的保护和开发利用提供理论依据，为进一步开展我国苜蓿种质创新和新品种选育奠定基础。