中国漆树种质资源的遗传分析及核心种质构建

Plant germplasm resources are the important material basis of breeding. It is of great significance to study the genetic diversity of germplasm resources, to understand the genetic relationship between them and construct core collection for plant breeding and resource management and conservation. Lacquer tree is an important commercial tree species, which plays an important role in industrial production and protection of ecological environment. However, genetic studies on the germplasm resources of lacquer tree are less, genetic background and relationship between germplasm are not clear. In order to illustrate the above problems, this project intends to take the lacquer tree as the research object, using the methods of field investigation and molecular biology, etc. The genetic diversity and genetic structure of Chinese lacquer tree germplasm resources were studied based on single parent chloroplast DNA sequence, parent genetic nuclear gene sequence and microsatellite molecular marker. The genetic analysis and evaluation of Chinese lacquer germplasm resources were carried out. At the same time, phylogenetic methods were used to reveal the genetic relationship of lacquer tree germplasm, and the core collection of lacquer tree was constructed based on SSR molecular markers. The results are helpful to reveal the current situation of Chinese lacquer tree germplasm resources, to determine the genetic diversity center and genetic structure of lacquer tree, to understand the genetic relationship between the germplasm, and to construct the scientific core germplasm. So as to provide the core materials and theoretical basis for the utilization and protection of lacquer tree resources. Meanwhile, it also provides a reference for the construction of the core collection of perennial woody plants and the conservation and management of the resources.

植物种质资源是育种工作的重要物质基础，研究种质资源的遗传多样性、了解种质间的亲缘关系，并构建核心种质，对植物育种及资源管理保存等具有科学意义。漆树是重要的经济树种，在工业生产和生态环境保护中都有重要作用，然而对漆树种质资源遗传学的研究较少，遗传背景和种质间亲缘关系不清楚。为阐明上述问题，本项目拟以漆树为研究对象，利用野外调查和分子生物学等方法，基于单亲遗传叶绿体DNA序列、双亲遗传核基因序列以及微卫星分子标记研究中国漆树种质资源的遗传多样性与遗传结构，对其种质资源进行遗传分析和评价，利用系统进化方法揭示漆树种质间亲缘关系，基于SSR分子标记构建漆树的核心种质。研究结果有助于揭示我国漆树种质资源的现状，确定漆树的遗传多样性中心与遗传结构，了解种质间的亲缘关系，并能构建科学的核心种质。为漆树资源的合理利用和保护提供核心材料和理论依据。也为多年生木本植物核心种质的构建、资源的保存管理提供参考。

1 漆树种质资源 SSR 遗传多样性分析.漆树是中国重要的经济树种。为了能够保护且合理开发利用漆树资源，本试验采用 SSR 分子标记技术，对来自陕西、甘肃、河南和云南 4 个省份的 39 个地区 117 个漆树样本进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析。研究结果显示， 10对漆树SSR引物均能对漆树样本进行PCR扩增且多态性丰富(A=9.400 0,PIC=0.7146)；漆树在物种水平上遗传多样性丰富(NA=1.828 2, I=0.553 2, H=0.3937)，种群间有明显的遗传分化(FST=0.3754)。 UPGMA 聚类分析显示相同种群的样本优先聚为一类， 117 份漆树样本明显聚为 5 个大类，表明 SSR 指纹图谱对漆树样本在种群水平上有良好的鉴定效果。本研究结果为漆树种质资源分类、鉴定和保护提供了重要依据。.2 漆树(Toxicodendron vernicfluum)染色体水平的基因组为漆树科进化和漆酚生物合成提供了重要的见解.漆树(Toxicodendron vernicfluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley)是一种具有重要经济、工业和药用价值的树种。我们组装了T. vernicfluum染色体水平的基因组，其大小为 491.93 Mb，其中98.26%的Scanfold序列被挂载到15条 pseudochromosomes上。比较基因组分析发现，漆酚生物合成相关的基因家族扩大，这一结果有助于理解漆树的生态适宜性和生物适应性。我们结合多组学数据来鉴定漆树漆酚和木质素生物合成途径中编码关键酶的基因。此外，通过代谢谱分析，还鉴定出了不同品种漆的独特活性代谢物，如丁酮和非瑟酮。我们的工作将为漆酚和木质素等代谢产物的合成提供重要的见解，同时也为进一步探索漆树和其他漆树科成员的栽培育种提供了基础。.