基于形态和分子数据的中国纤天牛族系统分类研究

The tribe Cleomenini, Lacordaire, 1868 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) consists of 25 genera and 294 species, mainly distributed in Africa and Asia; 10 genera and 55 species have been known from China. Some species are important forestry pests, some other species are potential pollinators in ecosystem. Therefore, it has economic and ecological significance to study Cleomenini. Presently, the taxonomy on Chinese Cleomenini fauna is scattered, the taxonomic status and monophyly of Chinese Cleomenini fauna are unclear. This project will combine traditional and modern technology to conduct systematic taxonomy on Chinese Cleomenini fauna. Firstly, survey on the species of Chinese Cleomenini fauna will be conducted to add and improve the distribution data. Secondly, combine morphology and DNA barcoding technology to propose the diagnosis or standard of species delimitation. Thirdly, combine morphological and molecular data to study the phylogeny on Chinese Cleomenini fauna to verify the taxonomic status and monophyly of Chinese Cleomenini fauna. Finally, revise the composition of Chinese Cleomenini fauna based on the results of phylogeny to analyze the fauna. Comprehensive results of this project can promote the knowledge on biodiversity of Chinese Cleomenini fauna, lay the foundation of the further research on the evolution and biogeography of Cerambycidae, and provide references for forestry, horticulture, inspection and quarantine.

纤天牛族隶属于昆虫纲鞘翅目天牛科天牛亚科，由25属294种组成，主要分布于非洲和亚洲；中国分布有10属55种。有些种类是重要的林业害虫，有些种类是生态系统中潜在的传粉者。因此，研究纤天牛具有重要的经济和生态意义。当前，中国纤天牛族的分类研究较为零散，且中国纤天牛族的分类地位和单系性尚未确定。本项目拟结合传统与现代技术开展中国纤天牛族的系统分类研究。第一，开展物种调查，补充和完善分布信息；第二，结合形态学和DNA条形码技术提出物种的界定特征或标准；第三，结合形态和分子数据对中国纤天牛族进行系统发育分析，验证中国纤天牛族的分类地位和单系性；最后，依据系统发育分析的结果修订中国纤天牛族的组成，并进行区系分析。本项研究的综合成果将提升对我国纤天牛族昆虫的物种多样性的认识，为更加深入地研究天牛科昆虫的进化和生物地理学奠定基础，可为林业、园艺、检验检疫等领域提供参考。

由于中国纤天牛族的单系性尚未确定，因此给纤天牛族的系统学研究带来了困难。本研究通过查阅大量文献和检视大量标本，对中国纤天牛族进行了系统性地分类学研究，共检视了300余号标本，鉴定出8属28种（含4个未知种）纤天牛，首次发现了11种纤天牛的雌性或雄性，并发现了3个中国新记录种、1个地区新记录属和4个地区新记录种。提出了2个属级异名。共获得了23种（含4个未知种）纤天牛的COI、16S和28S基因的序列，基于COI基因序列计算了15种（含1个未知种）纤天牛的种内遗传距离。基于形态特征和分子数据构建了中国纤天牛族的系统发育树，结果显示中国纤天牛族为单系群，但各属间的系统发育关系尚未明确。对中国纤天牛族10属62种进行了区系分析，结果显示中国纤天牛族的种类在世界昆虫地理区划中只分布于东古北界和东洋界，且分布于东洋界的种类较多，在中国昆虫地理区划中，分布于华北区、青藏区、江淮区、华中区、西南区、华东区和华南区，且分布于华中区和西南区的种类较多。