基于形态和分子数据的中国棉蚧族（半翅目：蚧总科：蚧科）昆虫系统分类研究

The tribe Pulvinariini belongs to family Coccidae, Coccoidea of Hemiptera, includes more than 220 species in 21 genera, and many of which are important pests of forests, fruits and ornamental plants. Howerer, the systematics of Chinese Pulvinariini is poorly studied, with badly underestimated species diversity and unclear classification system. Based on the rich collection materials, the present project aims to comprehensively revise those soft scale tribe from China. By integration data from more detailed morphology, biology and DNa barcording, the project will determine the circumscription of genera and species, unrael their sepcies diversity in China, and establish a database including species name, sepciemen number,hostplants and collecting locality et al. and the system of taxonomy and identification of Chinese Pulvinariini.Second, by using the molecular and cladistic systematic approaches, the present project will reconstruct the intergeneric phylogeny of Pulvinariini, and study the relationship between this tribe and other subfamilies or tribes in family Coccidae, so as to improve and perfect the classification system of this tribe.The results from this project will provide valuable information for understanding of origin and evolution of Coccidae and Coccoidea, for allien species identification quickly and accurately, and for monitoring and control on important pests.

棉蚧族隶属于半翅目蚧总科的蚧科，现有21属220余种，其中许多种类是林木、果树和园林植物上的重要害虫。然而，我国棉蚧族昆虫的分类长期缺乏系统研究，物种多样性被严重低估，分类体系混乱。本项目拟基于丰富的实物材料，对我国棉蚧族昆虫进行全面的系统分类修订。通过整合形态、生物学和DNA条形码分子数据，确定属级和种级的划分标准，进而阐明我国棉蚧族昆虫的物种多样性，建立物种、标本、寄主植物和地理分布等数据库，以及我国棉蚧族的分类鉴定体系。在此基础上，运用比较形态学、分子系统学和支序系统学的原理和方法，综合形态和分子数据，研究棉蚧族各属之间、棉蚧族与蚧科其他亚科（族）之间的系统发育关系，并根据结果修订和完善分类系统。研究结果对于蚧科乃至蚧总科昆虫起源与演化研究，以及外来入侵种类的准确鉴定和重要害虫的监测和防治均具有重要意义。

棉蚧族在分类上隶属半翅目、蚧次目的蚧科，许多种类为重要农林害虫，但我国过去基础薄弱，种类鉴定困难。基于此，过去4年我们主要开展了中国棉蚧族区系及系统发育两方面的研究，取得了如下重要成果。1) 发现3个新种、1个中国新纪录属及12个中国新纪录种, 同时将纽棉蚧属Takahashia Cockerell, 1896移入该族，从而将我国该族的种类增至10属34种。2）基于获得的CO1基因序列、28S基因序列和18S基因序列的分子片段数据进行的系统发育结果表明：棉蚧族不是一个单系群，二是一个多系群。过去作为该族共有新征的棉絮状的产卵方式，可能是平行进化的结果。大棉蚧属Megapulvinaria Young与棉蚧族的其他属关系较远，处在不同分支，建议独立出来；3）特征比较分析结果认为：Hodgson（1993）建议的棉蚧族的共有新征为管腺3或4种得不到支持。这些成果为我国该类蚧害的快速、准确鉴定提供了参考依据，也为蚧虫的进化研究提供了新资料。