大都市圈区域一体化下的区域补偿理论与政策研究

Multi-dimensional integration of central and surrounding areas of metropolitan region has become an inevitable trend and needs to rectify positive externality. The corresponding policy approach should manifest as regional cooperation and compensation. Traditional theories and policies on integration and coordination emphasize more on cooperation and its benefits to integration but less on victims and compensation. The point is that most integration policies used to rectify negative externality cannot be carried out if victims are not compensated. This study aims to study the issue of regional compensation under the background of integration of metropolitan region and tries to represent necessity, particularity, domains, responsibilities, obstacles and difficulties of compensation caused by integration of metropolitan region. By creating extended new economic geography model which contains environment variables and technological externality, it aims to analyze rules of economic space evolution, identify the characteristics of and reasons for regional compensation and clarify necessity and effectiveness of arrangements for regional compensation. Taking Cost-Benefit Analysis theory and related approaches as its guiding principle, this article tries to create a general analytical framework for regional compensation restrained by resources and environment, develop evaluation methods for regional compensation and build a regional compensation evaluation system which is used to internalize all kinds of technological externality. A good deal of cases will be studied for typical metropolitan region via investigating and defining conditions applicable for enjoying regional compensation in different scopes. This article is in the hope of providing theoretical guiding and decision references so as to promote the perfection of compensation policies applicable for metropolitan region.

大都市圈中心与周边地区的多维度一体化发展成为必然，一体化需要矫正外部性，途径至少应表现为区域合作与区域补偿。传统一体化和协调的理论政策强调合作及其带来的一体化好处，相对疏于对受损者和补偿的关注。而受损者不获补偿，很多矫正负外部性的一体化政策无法落实。本课题以大都市圈区域一体化下的区域补偿问题为研究对象，试图回答大都市圈一体化带来的补偿必要性、特殊性、领域和责任、障碍和困难等问题。通过建立引入环境变量和技术外部性的扩展的新经济地理模型分析大都市圈经济空间演化规律，识别补偿问题的特点和成因，阐明补偿安排的必要性和有效性；以成本-收益分析理论与方法为指导，建立资源与环境约束下区域补偿的一般分析框架和估算方法，构建将各种技术外部性内部化的区域补偿评估体系；通过调查研究确立不同范围的区域补偿的享受条件；针对典型的大都市圈展开案例研究。通过研究，以期为推动大都市圈补偿政策的完善提供理论指导和决策参考。

本研究从理论与实践两个层面开展分析并得出结论与政策建议，尝试回答大都市圈一体化中“什么是区域补偿”“为什么要进行区域补偿”“如何评估区域补偿”等问题。在理论层面，基于扩展的新经济地理模型、成本-收益分析理论与方法等，探析大都市圈一体化带来的补偿必要性、特殊性、领域和责任、障碍和困难等问题；在实践层面，重点围绕京津冀、长三角等国家战略区域，针对大气、水、土地等存在“市场失灵”和技术外部性情形下的区域问题，通过实地调研、专家访谈等确立不同范围区域补偿的享受条件，开展区域补偿的实证研究。.在理论方面，将环境变量和技术外部性引入新经济地理学的C-P（核心-外围）模型，分析都市圈面临各种区域补偿问题及其特点，为都市圈区域补偿研究提供理论基础。构建了基于扩展的新经济地理模型的区域协调发展理论体系，并以此为基础解释了中国城市和区域发展差异；探讨了新区域主义的理论范式，并以此范式审视了京津冀都市圈地方政府跨域合作治理，对大都市圈治理结构展开了理论分析；通过对区域协调和区域补偿一般理论的探讨，从理论上阐明作为区域协调方式之一的区域补偿的有效性和必要性。在方法方面，重点采用了多区域“投入-产出”模型、多区域CGE模型、政策文献量化分析等方法开展研究，并对这些方法进行了相应的拓展与创新。在实证方面，重点针对大气污染、水资源保护、土地资源开发等存在“市场失灵”和技术外部性情形下的区域问题展开实证研究。通过研究，为大都市圈补偿政策的完善提供了理论指导和决策参考。