基于儿童认知的实物编程环境研究

Given that computers have been widely used in children's education and the current lack of children's programming software, this project is to explore tangible user interaction and tangible programming languages for children, on the basis of child cognition research and computational thinking. We strive to provide children with an easy-to-learn and easy-to-use programming environment, to help them understand basic programming concepts and develop their computational thinking abilities. The project focuses on the following aspects: research on children's cognitive and computational thinking skills as the basis for developing children's software applications; combining the characteristics of children's cognition to explore tangible user interaction for children; research on children's tangible programming languages, the design of tangible programming blocks, and technology for the identification and comprehension of the tangible programming languages; developing a suitable prototype of children's tangible programming environment; studying children's experience assessment methods to evaluate the programming prototype, and finally improving its accessibility. This children-oriented physical programming environment prototype will not only fill the void in the field of children's programming software in China, but will also provide a viable model for novice users to learn programming. Meanwhile, our work is significant to children's software technology and application research, and furthermore, provides a viable path for cultivating children's computational thinking capabilities from an early stage.

针对计算机在儿童教育领域越来越广泛的应用趋势以及适合儿童编程软件缺乏的现状，本项目在探究儿童认知和计算思维的基础上，研究面向儿童的实物交互技术及儿童实物编程语言，开发儿童实物编程环境原型，力图为儿童提供易学易用的编程环境，帮助儿童学习计算机基本知识，培养其计算思维能力。项目主要从以下几方面开展工作：研究儿童认知和计算思维，为设计开发儿童应用软件提供基础；结合儿童的认知特征，研究儿童实物交互技术；研究儿童实物编程语言、编程块设计以及实物编程语言的识别理解技术；开发一种适合儿童的实物编程环境原型；研究儿童体验评估方法，并对编程原型进行评估，以提升编程原型的用户可接受度。面向儿童的实物编程环境原型将填补国内儿童编程软件的空白，还将为新手学习编程提供一种可行的模式。同时，本项目的研究对促进我国儿童软件技术和应用研究有重要的意义和价值，更为从小培养儿童的计算思维能力提供了可行的途径。

针对计算机在儿童教育领域越来越广泛的应用趋势以及计算思维能力培养的重要性，而目前适合儿童编程软件缺乏的现状，本项目在探究儿童多媒体认知理论和计算思维的基础上，研究面向儿童的实物交互技术及儿童实物编程语言，开发儿童实物编程环境及原型系统，力图为儿童提供易学易用的编程环境，帮助儿童学习计算机基本知识，从小培养其计算思维能力。项目的主要研究成果包括如下几方面：（1）总结了基于多媒体认知的儿童软件原则设计以及如何在儿童编程软件中培养计算思维的方法；（2）提供了适合儿童编程的实物交互技术；（3）完成儿童实物编程语言设计，提供了两种实物语义到机器语义的识别理解技术；（4）实现儿童两种实物编程环境和6个原型系统；（5）提出一种基于儿童体验的评估方法，并对系统进行了儿童用户评估，提高了编程原型的用户可接受度。本项目的研究成果对促进我国儿童交互技术和应用研究有重要的意义和价值，更为从小培养儿童的计算思维能力提供了可行的途径。项目成果为人机交互技术的发展提供了较好的技术基础和示范。此外，项目在用户体验评估方面的研究成果，还可以对其他交互式系统的设计和评估提供方法和指导。