Amino acyl tRNA synthetases are newly discovered signal molecules,regulate many cellular courses beyong translation,and become one of the frontier and hot research spots in biology.Our research group previously found that glycyl tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is associated with milk protein synthesis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells, and undergoes molecular splicing, phosphorylation and localization in the nucleus. In this research, we first verify the effects of GlyRS on milk protein synthesis, by using the model of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells in vitro stimulated by methionine; Overexpression and gene silencing of GlyRS are used to determine the effects on cellular signal transduction pathways to milk protein sythesis; Fluorescence analysis and westernblot are used to test distinct segments of GlyRS in cytoplasm and nucleus, and we further determine the site of splicing in GlyRS by protein sequencing, phosphorylated sites by mass spectrometry. Co-imunoprecipitation is used to determine proteins interacting with GlyRS in cytoplasm and nucleus, besides, fluorescence resonance energy transfer is used to confirm the results, we further test the effects of GlyRS on the expressions and interaction of these proteins by using overexpression and gene silencing of GlyRS to ascertain the downstream signalling molecules of GlyRS; we also determine the effects of these molecules on transcription and translation of milk protein synthesis by using chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene overexpression and silencing, next we use in vitro kinase activity detecting technique to determine the kinase activity of GlyRS on downstream signalling molecules. This work will elucidate the mechanism of GlyRS how to modulate milk synthesis by molecular splicing and phosphorylatin.
近期发现氨基酰tRNA合成酶存在多种翻译功能之外的信号调控作用。本课题组前期通过双向电泳发现甘氨酰tRNA合成酶(GlyRS)与乳蛋白合成有关,并存在分子剪切、磷酸化和细胞核定位现象。本研究利用添加蛋氨酸体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞泌乳模型,确定GlyRS对乳蛋白合成促进作用;通过基因超表达和抑制试验确定GlyRS对乳蛋白合成信号途径的影响;通过激光共聚焦观察和免疫印迹分析确定在细胞核内外的定位,并通过不同片段末端测序确定蛋白分子剪切部位、质谱分析鉴定磷酸化位点;通过免疫共沉淀确定细胞核内和细胞质中与GlyRS相互作用蛋白,再确定GlyRS对这些蛋白表达和相互作用的影响,从而确定其下游信号分子;利用染色质免疫共沉淀技术和基因超表达与抑制技术确定下游信号分子对转录和翻译影响;利用点突变技术确定磷酸化位点功能;利用体外激酶活性测定技术确定GlyRS对下游分子磷酸化的激酶作用,从而阐明其作用机理。
近期发现氨基酰tRNA合成酶(aminoacyl tRNA synthetases,aaRSs)存在多种翻译功能之外的信号调控作用。本课题组前期通过双向电泳和质谱分析发现甘氨酰tRNA合成酶(glycyl tRNA synthetase,GlyRS)与乳蛋白合成调控有关,并存在分子剪切、磷酸化和细胞核定位现象。本研究利用添加蛋氨酸体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(bovine mammary epithelial cell, BMEC)泌乳模型,确定GlyRS对乳蛋白合成的调节作用;通过基因超表达和抑制试验确定GlyRS对乳蛋白合成信号途径的影响;通过激光共聚焦观察和免疫印迹分析确定在细胞核内外的定位,并通过不同片段定位和末端测序确定蛋白分子剪切部位、点突变确定入核引导序列(nuclear leading sequence,NLS),质谱分析鉴定磷酸化位点;通过免疫共沉淀确定细胞核内和细胞质中与GlyRS相互作用蛋白,再确定GlyRS对这些蛋白表达的影响,从而确定其下游信号分子;利用染色质免疫共沉淀技术和基因超表达与抑制技术确定下游信号分子对转录和翻译影响;利用点突变技术确定磷酸化位点功能;利用体外激酶活性测定技术确定GlyRS对下游分子磷酸化的激酶作用,从而阐明其作用机理。研究结果发现,GlyRS是一个新的信号分子,在BMECs中介导氨基酸、激素等外源信号激活mTOR-S6K1/4EBP1等信号途径,从而调节乳蛋白和乳脂肪合成以及细胞增殖。氨基酸、激素等信号刺激GlyRS在BMECs的细胞浆中被磷酸化(Thr544和Ser704),GlyRS蛋白具有二重NLSs(aa79-82和aa99-103),磷酸化GlyRS进入细胞核中断裂为一个1-72aa的短片段和73-739aa的长片段(p-GlyRS)。在细胞核内,p-GlyRS结合NFκB1、METTL3、PURB等基因表达调节分子,使这些结合蛋白发生磷酸化(In vivo实验证实p-GlyRS直接结合并促进NFκB1磷酸化,体外激酶活性分析实验证实p-GlyRS磷酸化NFκB1和METTL3),这些蛋白激活后通过调节转录、翻译等基因表达过程,发挥对乳合成和细胞增殖的调节作用。本课题研究成果对奶牛乳腺功能调控和乳蛋白含量提高的营养生物技术的建立以及优良奶牛品种选育具有重要理论指导意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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