利用机械开关提高压电马达效率的研究

A new driving principle of piezoelectric motor is proposed. The motor works with this principle has the advantage of the high power density of an ultrasonic motor and possesses the characteristics of an adjustable step in the ideal case. More important is that the energy conversion efficiency and life of the motor can be increased. In this method, a mechanical switch actuated by piezoelectric device provides fast and orderly control with the slight vibration of a piezoelectric vibrator, then a macroscopic movement of the vibrator is achieved through the accumulation of the one directional stepping. The research object of this study is the mechanism of motion control with mechanical switch. Both the mathematical modeling with simulation and experimental analysis are implemented in this study. A mechanical switch with characteristics of quick response and large stiffness will be designed; an ideal vibrator with single degree of freedom is also needed. An optimal driving circuit which controls the mechanical switch will be developed based on the feedback from the strain and position of the vibrator. The multiple controlling means of mechanical switch realizing stepping motion will be discussed. The adjusting method with the speed and torque of the piezoelectric motor will be settled consequently. At last, the driving principle of mechanical switch which brings large energy conversion efficiency with inversed piezoelectric effect will be clarified. The corresponding technical difficulties will be solved at the same time.As a result of this study, both a piezoelectric torsional motor and a piezoelectric linear motor based on mechanical switch will be fabricated; the developing and analyzing method with this kind of motor will be summarized. It provides new thinking on the practicality of a piezoelectric motor.

提出一种新型驱动原理，在理想情况下基于该原理的压电马达能够具有超声波马达大功率密度的优势，同时还具有步进距离可调的特性，更重要的是能够有效提高压电马达的能量转换效率和使用寿命。该驱动方式利用压电体带动机械开关高速、有序地控制压电振子的微小振动，通过定向步进累积产生宏观上的运动。本项目以机械开关的运动控制机理为研究对象，采用数学建模及仿真与测控实验相结合的研究方法，设计具有高速高刚度特性的压电机械开关和具有理想单自由度谐振模态的机械振子，研制基于应变和位置反馈的机械开关最优驱动控制回路，探讨多种机械开关控制产生单向步进的具体实现方法，确定此类压电马达运动速度、输出推力（或力矩）的控制方式，最终将阐明通过机械开关来获得高效逆压电换能的机制，并解决一系列设计研制中的技术难点。本项目拟形成基于机械开关的高效旋转和直线压电马达样机各一套并总结出相关设计和分析方法，为压电马达的进一步实用化提供新思路。

提出一种新型驱动原理，在理想情况下基于该原理的压电马达能够具有超声波马达大功率密度的优势，同时还具有步进距离可调的特性，更重要的是能够有效提高压电马达的能量转换效率和使用寿命。该驱动方式利用压电体带动机械开关高速、有序地控制压电振子的微小振动，通过定向步进累积产生宏观上的运动。本项目以机械开关的运动控制机理为研究对象，采用数学建模及仿真与测控实验相结合的研究方法，设计具有高速高刚度特性的压电机械开关和具有理想单自由度谐振模态的机械振子，研制基于应变和位置反馈的机械开关最优驱动控制回路，探讨多种机械开关控制产生单向步进的具体实现方法，确定此类压电马达运动速度、输出推力（或力矩）的控制方式，最终将阐明通过机械开关来获得高效逆压电换能的机制，并解决一系列设计研制中的技术难点。本项目拟形成基于机械开关的高效旋转和直线压电马达样机各一套并总结出相关设计和分析方法，为压电马达的进一步实用化提供新思路。